非正定矩阵对磁共振扩散张量导出量的影响

为研究非正定矩阵对水分子扩散张量导出量的影响,提出了一种计算扩散张量导出量的优化算法。采集5位健康志愿者脑部磁共振扩散张量图像,沿25个方向施加强度为40mT／m的扩散敏感梯度磁场,扩散权重值为1000s／mm^2,求解超定方程,得到了各体素的二阶扩散张量。在灰质区域非正定矩阵较少,在胼胝体的膝部和压部发现大量非正定矩阵。由于这些非正定矩阵的影响,使用常规算法得到的平均扩散率和各向异性分数分别被低估和高估。为此修正了常规算法,使用矩阵特征值的绝对值计算扩散张量导出量。结果表明,由修正算法得到的扩散张量导出量图像的鲁棒性及可靠性均得到提高。     

液压阻尼器对模型旋翼地面共振的影响

 分析了某采用定压阀和补油装置的液压阻尼器的非线性特性。对无铰式模型旋翼的地面共振稳定性进行了数值仿真研究,分析了两种不同的非线性液压阻尼器对地面共振稳定性的影响。结果表明：由于补油分配阀间隙的影响,阻尼器低速时的有效阻尼大大下降;在无阻尼器的模型旋翼稳定的转速区内,该阻尼器不能改善系统小扰动情况时的动稳定性;在无阻尼器的模型旋翼不稳定区内,系统将出现极限环,且极限环幅值随补油分配阀间隙的增大而增大。研究结果对液压阻尼器的设计具有参考价值。     

Ionospheric electron density over Resolute Bay according to E-CHAIM model and RISR radar measurements

In this study, predictions of the E-CHAIM ionospheric model are compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars RISR at Resolute Bay, Canada, in the northern polar cap. Reasonable coverage was available for all seasons except winter for which no conclusions were drawn. It is shown that ratios of the model-to measured electron densities are close to unity in the central part of the F layer, around its peak. This is particularly evident for summer daytime. Distributions of the ratios are wider for other seasons indicating larger number of cases when the model underestimates or overestimates. E-CHAIM underestimates the electron density at ionospheric topside and bottomside by ～ 10–20 %. At the bottomside, the underestimations are strongest in summer and equinoctial nighttime. At the topside, the underestimations are strongest in autumn nighttime. Model overestimations are noticeable in the middle part of the F layer during dawn hours in autumn. Overall, the model tends to not predict highest-observed peak electron densities and the largest-observed heights of the peak.     

Testing the three-dimensional IRI-SIRMUP-P mapping of the ionosphere for disturbed periods

This paper describes the three-dimensional (3-D) electron density mapping of the ionosphere given as output by the assimilative IRI-SIRMUP-P (ISP) model for three different geomagnetic storms. Results of the 3-D model are shown by comparing the electron density profiles given by the model with the ones measured at two testing ionospheric stations: Roquetes (40.8°N, 0.5°E), Spain, and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E), Italy. The reference ionospheric stations from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data as well as the real-time vertical electron density profiles are assimilated by the ISP model are those of El Arenosillo (37.1°N, 353.3°E), Spain, Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E), and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E), Italy. Overall, the representation of the ionosphere made by the ISP model is better than the climatological representation made by only the IRI-URSI and the IRI-CCIR models. However, there are few cases for which the assimilation of the autoscaled data from the reference stations causes either a strong underestimation or a strong overestimation of the real conditions of the ionosphere, which is in these cases better represented by only the IRI-URSI model. This ISP misrepresentation is mainly due to the fact that the reference ionospheric stations covering the region mapped by the model turn out to be few, especially for disturbed periods when the ionosphere is very variable both in time and in space and hence a larger number of stations would be required. The inclusion of new additional reference ionospheric stations could surely smooth out this concern.     

电弧加热发动机羽流电子温度及电子数密度的双静电探针测量

研制了一套双静电探针测量系统,对以氩气为推进剂的1kW级电弧加热发动机羽流进行了测量,得到了电子温度和电子数密度的轴向和径向分布,以及随弧电流、气流量的变化趋势。结果表明,羽流显著偏离局域热力学平衡状态,电子温度呈现复杂的分布和变化趋势。羽流轴线上的电子温度明显低于偏离轴线处的值,而电子数密度远高于偏离轴线处的值;羽流轴线上的电子温度随弧电流的增加而降低,电子数密度随弧电流的增加而增加;羽流中心区电子温度随气流量的变化趋势不明显。     

TC11电子束焊接接头组织分析

以20mm厚TC11电子束焊接试样为研究对象,进行金相分析和显微硬度测试。对20mm板厚TC11钛合金电子束焊接接头组织及显微硬度进行了分析研究。比较分析了接头的焊缝、热影响区及各过渡界面的组织状态,并对不同组织的形成机理进行了阐释。     

Pre-storm behaviour of NmF2 and TEC (GPS) over equatorial and low latitude stations in the Indian sector

The pre-storm behavior of NmF₂ and TEC over an equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.47°N, 76.91°E, dip 0.6°S) and a low latitude station, Waltair (17.7°N,83.3°E, dip 20°N) has been studied for a total of 18 strong geomagnetic storms with DST ? −100 nT. The simultaneous measurements of GPS-TEC and NmF₂ over Trivandrum and Waltair during the period 2000–2005 have been considered for the present study. It is found that there is a substantial increase in NmF₂ and TEC before the onset of the storm over Waltair, while the increase is not present at Trivandrum. The origin of pre-storm enhancements in electron density still remains unresolved owing to several conditions in their potential sources and occurrence mechanisms. In the present study an attempt is made to identify the possible mechanisms responsible for such enhancements in electron density of the F-region.     

地面系留对直升机动力响应的影响

 建立了系留状态下直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性动力学模型,无铰旋翼简化为当量铰刚性桨叶模型,假定机体是刚性体并受起落架和系留索的约束,系留索静态时松弛并只能承受拉力。采用数值仿真研究了系留对模型旋翼地面共振的影响,对初始扰动和旋翼转速对系统动力学行为的影响也进行了仿真研究。对于无系留的模型旋翼来说,在任何转速下没有出现不稳定现象;地面系留时系统会呈现稳定响应、极限环以及大幅值振荡等非线性动力学行为,大幅值振荡将使系留索、接头和支持结构承受破坏性动力载荷。     

电子回旋共振推力器放电室内磁场与微波电磁场分析

电子回旋共振推力器具有寿命长、比冲高、结构简单等特点,适宜用作深空探测器主推进装置。放电室是电子回旋共振推力器的关键部件,其作用是产生电子回旋共振等离子体。放电室内的磁场和微波电磁场分布对于推力器的可靠启动、稳定工作有着重要的影响。为此针对10cm推力器,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了三种磁路模型,计算了放电室内的磁场分布,得出三种方案中电子回旋共振面的位置,分析放电室材料不同时磁场分布的变化;最后采用ANSYS有限元分析软件计算了放电室内的电磁场分布。结果表明,在电子回旋共振面上微波能量满足放电所需能量。计算结果可以为电子回旋共振推力器放电室的设计提供帮助。     

温度场中柔性臂超谐共振及复杂运动分析

通过Garlerkin方法建立了考虑阻尼、材料非线性、温度变化和轴向激励的柔性臂系统动力学微分方程.分析了系统存在同、异宿轨道及周期轨道的充分必要条件,通过Hamilton函数得到了对应的参数方程表达式.根据非线性振动的多尺度法,得到了系统在3次超谐共振情况下的一次近似解及其定常解,揭示了系统内各参数之间的关系.对得到的微分方程进行数值计算,分析柔性臂系统参数对纵向振动响应曲线的影响.结果表明,材料非线性和温度变化对系统纵向振动的影响不可忽略;在一定参数条件下,系统有发生复杂非线性运动的可能.为了有效的控制柔性臂的振动,应合理选取系统的物理参数,避免其处于混沌运动状态.