Study of ionospheric D region changes during solar flares using MF radar measurements

During solar flares, the X-ray radiation suddenly increases, resulting in an increase in the electron density of the atmospheric D region and a strong absorption of short-wave radio waves. Based on Langfang medium frequency (MF) radar, this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of D region in the lower ionosphere from 62 km to 82 km. The analysis focused on multiple C-level and M-level solar flare events before and after the large-scale flare event at 11:53 (UT) on September 6, 2017. The results show that it is difficult to detect the electron density over 70 km in Langfang during solar flares, but the electron density value can be obtained as low as 62 km, and the stronger the flare intensity, the lower the detectable electron density height. Besides, the equal electron density height, the received power of X and O waves will also be significantly reduced during the flares, and the reduction of equal electron density height has a weak linear relationship with flare intensity.     

石英谐振加速度传感器芯片设计与仿真

分体式石英谐振加速度传感器在性能提升上受到装配误差等因素的影响较大，故提出一种全石英谐振加速度计芯片结构，包括下层的硅结构和上层的石英结构。下层的硅基底仅作为支撑结构进行加工制作，敏感单元为全石英材料，硅结构与石英结构键合到一起，结构加工完成后去除硅材料，以释放石英敏感单元。整体结构为中心对称，包括质量块、音叉结构、微杠杆结构和应力分配梁，芯片通过微杠杆结构来增大传感器的灵敏度，并通过应力分配梁使石英音叉两根振梁上的内应力均匀一致。通过仿真验证了设计的有效性，仿真的差动灵敏度为35Hz/g。     

基于连续损伤模型的复合材料波纹梁压溃分析

复合材料的耐撞性受到了广泛重视,而波纹梁因其优异的抗屈曲构型被广泛应用于飞机翼梁和直升机底板等经常发生碰撞的结构中。进行了复合材料波纹梁的屈曲分析,研究了高度对波纹梁破坏模式的影响。建立复合材料波纹梁的连续损伤单波模型,层内基于Hashin判据建立含损伤因子的损伤刚度矩阵,层间根据二次名义应力准则和B-K准则模拟损伤演化,并通过典型复合材料波纹梁压溃试验验证了所建立模型的正确性。基于单波分析模型,通过施加周期性边界条件和反对称边界条件,研究了多波结构的吸能特性。     

不同重力环境下间隙铰链关节磨损分析

为研究不同重力环境对空间机构间隙铰链关节磨损的影响，将机械系统摩擦学行为和动力学行为相耦合，建立了磨损与动力学耦合分析模型和数值计算框架。首先采用非线性弹簧阻尼模型作为间隙处接触碰撞力的计算模型，同时采用Coulomb 法来计算运动副间隙处的摩擦力，进而建立了含间隙的机构动力学模型；然后通过基于Archard磨损模型二次开发的ANSYS程序来计算磨损，其中运用节点位移的方法来描述磨损过程。结果表明：当间隙关节转速较低时，重力对于关节轴承的磨损分布和磨损程度的影响很大，轴承出现集中磨损现象，磨损间隙急剧增加，严重影响机构的性能和精度；随着关节转速升高，重力对间隙关节磨损的影响逐渐减弱，轴承的磨损分布、磨损程度和关节最大磨损间隙的增长率将逐渐与微重力环境下趋同。     

Evaluation of the IRI-2016 and NeQuick electron content specification by COSMIC GPS radio occultation,ground-based GPS and Jason-2 joint altimeter/GPS observations

We examined performance of two empirical profile-based ionospheric models, namely IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2, in electron content (EC) and total electron content (TEC) representation for different seasons and levels of solar activity. We derived and analyzed EC estimates in several representative altitudinal intervals for the ionosphere and the plasmasphere from the COSMIC GPS radio occultation, ground-based GPS and Jason-2 joint altimeter/GPS observations. It allows us to estimate a quantitative impact of the ionospheric electron density profiles formulation in several altitudinal intervals and to examine the source of the model-data discrepancies of the EC specification from the bottom-side ionosphere towards the GPS orbit altitudes. The most pronounced model-data differences were found at the low latitude region as related to the equatorial ionization anomaly appearance. Both the IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2 models tend to overestimate the daytime ionospheric EC and TEC at low latitudes during all seasons of low solar activity. On the contrary, during high solar activity the model results underestimated the EC/TEC observations at low latitudes. We found that both models underestimated the EC for the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere regions for all levels of solar activity. For low solar activity, the underestimated EC from the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere can compensate the overestimation of the ionospheric EC and, consequently, can slightly decrease the resulted model overestimation of the ground-based TEC. For high solar activity, the underestimated EC from the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere leads to a strengthening of the model underestimation of the ground-based TEC values. We demonstrated that the major source of the model-data discrepancies in the EC/TEC domain comes from the topside ionosphere/plasmasphere system.     

导管装焊精确定位柔性辅助系统的设计与开发

针对运载火箭增压输送系统中的拼焊型管路产品，以实现管路产品焊接的柔性装配为最终目标，开展了装焊精确定位柔性辅助系统的设计与开发。根据拼焊型管路的传统制造模式，焊接装配是采用专用装焊工装保证导管的空间走向和总体尺寸，因而每项导管对应一套专用装焊工装，管路结构的调整将导致原工装的返修甚至报废，造成生产成本高且严重影响导管的研制周期，该问题在研制型号中尤为突出。随着型号越来越多，专用装焊工装数量也显著增多，给工装管理也带来了极大的挑战。本文通过装焊精确定位柔性辅助系统的设计与开发，以导管特征点的坐标为控制指令实现柔性装配系统按照装配要求进行精确走位和定位，以柔性化的装配系统实现不同规格、不同空间走向的拼焊型管路产品的焊接装配。     

地球静止轨道微波辐射计技术

静止轨道微波辐射计可实现全天时、全天候、高频次云雨大气观测,在台风、流域性强降水探测和预报方面发挥重要作用。但在波束扫描、多频复用、系统定标等方面的运用存在较大困难,世界上尚无在轨应用先例。现从探测需求出发,对静止轨道微波辐射计进行了系统方案设计。提出了卫星平台与辐射计部件快慢结合扫描的方法,以解决波束扫描和系统定标难题;提出了低频选入射角层叠式布局准光学频段分离方法,以解决多频段复用难题。研制了微波辐射计原理样机,通过实验室和外场试验验证了系统设计,为静止轨道微波探测卫星研制提供了一定指导。     

超视距机载武器双向数据链通信方法研究

通过分析超视距机载武器双向数据链的通信机制和工作原理,提出了一种建立数据链通信的方法。针对机载武器数据链通信中因高度误差而可能造成的波束指向误差,提出了一种初始通信波束指向保持方法,建立了相应的误差分配及波束指向模型。通过仿真计算,对该方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证,并对数据链通信时载机火控弹道解算模型的精度提出了指标要求,使数据链的应用工况得到了进一步拓展。     

Electron density inversed by plasma lines induced by suprathermal electron in the ionospheric modification experiment

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is the most powerful ground-based measurement facility to study the ionosphere. The plasma lines are not routinely detected by the incoherent scatter radar due to the low intensity, which falls below the measured spectral noise level of the incoherent scatter radar. The plasma lines are occasionally enhanced by suprathermal electrons through the Landau damping process and detectable to the incoherent scatter radar. In this study, by using the European Incoherent Scatter Association (EISCAT) UHF incoherent scatter radar, the experiment observation presents that the enhanced plasma lines were observed. These plasma lines were considered as manifest of the suprathermal electrons generated by the high-frequency heating wave during the ionospheric modification. The electron density profile is also obtained from the enhanced plasma lines. This study can be a promising technique for obtaining the accurate electron density during ionospheric modification experiment.     

基于Tanaka-Mura模型的电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生模拟

为揭示高温合金电子束焊接头的疲劳特性,对其开展了疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟研究。考虑焊缝区微观组织特性,对Voronoi图法进行改进,建立了焊缝区包含柱状晶、细等轴晶及粗等轴晶的混合晶区微观组织模型;对ABAQUS进行二次开发,考虑晶粒随机取向,生成晶粒多滑移带模型。基于Tanaka-Mura位错滑移模型,编写了疲劳裂纹萌生算法,考虑晶界处裂纹的连接与合并,对算法进行了改进,并结合有限元计算建立了电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟方法。基于上述方法对GH4169电子束焊接头不同载荷大小的疲劳裂纹萌生进行数值模拟,分析了裂纹萌生过程及萌生寿命,并与试验结果进行对比验证;还探讨了不同热影响区晶粒尺寸对焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生的影响规律。结果表明,电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹均萌生于热影响区,但随着载荷水平的提高,萌生位置向熔合区一侧靠近;当热影响区晶粒尺寸与母材区晶粒尺寸越接近时,接头疲劳寿命越长。