Geomagnetic activity indicators for geomagnetically induced current studies in South Africa

Intense geomagnetic activity is known to give rise to large geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power transmission grids. Recordings of geomagnetic activity provide an efficient and economical way for power transmission system operators to assess GIC risks in retrospective studies. This study investigates local geomagnetic indicators (i.e., hourly peak value, hourly range indicator and hourly standard deviation) in order to determine their usefulness for understanding the drivers of GICs in the South African power network. Results show that the GICs have a higher correlation with the geomagnetic indicators derived from the East–West component of the horizontal geomagnetic field, than the indicators derived from the North–South component of the horizontal field. This directional dependence corresponds very well with the North–South orientation of the power lines feeding the power transformers at the South African Grassridge electrical substation GIC site. It therefore follows that, the geoelectric field driving the GICs at Grassridge is North–South oriented. Further, it is shown that the hourly range indicator has a higher correlation with the GICs than the hourly standard deviation for this particular network configuration.     

等离子体对超燃燃烧室凹腔性能影响的数值研究

在超燃燃烧室凹腔上游及其底部近前壁面处布置电极产生丝状等离子体,基于准直流电弧放电热阻塞原理,采用数值模拟方法研究了等离子体对燃烧室均温、凹腔均温、剪切层、凹腔阻力以及质量交换率的影响.结果显示:等离子体对燃烧室整体的温升效应可以忽略,但能够明显提高凹腔内平均温度;受丝状等离子体对凹腔的预热及对剪切层的“切割”作用,剪切层中沿流动方向的涡强度降低,从而降低了凹腔前缘及后缘撞击激波强度,使其附近压力分布更平滑;丝状等离子体存在时,凹腔阻力系数明显下降,质量交换率也大幅提高,但增大等离子体输入功率对改善控制效果的影响不明显.     

电火花表面强化TC4 钛合金的组织与性能

以石墨为电极,分别在煤油和雾介质中对TC4钛合金(表面分别未涂覆及涂覆碳层)进行电火花表面强化.对强化层微观组织、相组成及显微硬度进行了研究.结果表明,所有强化层组织均呈菊花瓣状.合金表面涂覆碳层后强化层表面球状碳化物数量都较未涂覆时明显增加,且在煤油介质中得到的强化层中碳化物在花瓣边缘处聚集,雾介质条件下碳化物分布更为弥散、均匀.对强化层进行物相分析表明,强化相由电极C和基体Ti原位反应生成,强化层由基体α-Ti和TiC相组成.强化层表面显微硬度较原始TC4钛合金相比大幅提高,雾介质中得到的强化层显微硬度值与煤油介质中基本相同,可达800 MPa左右,但分布更为均匀,力学性能更稳定.     

心室肌动作电位的计算机建模与仿真

该文以H-H理论为基础，结合了最新离子通道的研究成果，对L-R Phase Ⅰ心室肌动作电位仿真模型进行了改进。根据MATLAB仿真结果分析，该模型比较完善，因为它不但具有较高的去极化速率，并且可以仿真和细胞外钾浓度有关的细胞电生理特征。     

辽宁高校科技资源的状况及潜力分析

针对高等院校作为国家技术创新体系的重要组成部分，在区域经济发展中占有重要地位这一实际，立足于辽宁高校对地方经济发展的重要作用，对辽宁高校科技资源的规模、分布等现状进行了分析研究，明确辽宁高校具有明显的人才优势、雄厚的科研资源与科研成果资源，集合优势明显、产业化能力强等丰富的资源潜力，提出了建立先进的高等教育信息化平台，实现教育、科技资源共享，对科技成果资源的转化采用商业化运作模式，加强政府积极引导以及建立与完善共享科技资源的配套服务等几点设想。     

电弧放电加工——航空难切削材料的高效加工技术

随着越来越多的新型材料在航空航天产品上得到应用,这些材料的特殊成分及组织也给现有的加工技术带来了新的挑战.通过充分发挥电弧的高温和高能量密度优势,结合有效的断弧手段,可以实现难切削材料的高效蚀除,为后续精加工去掉绝大多数的余量.介绍了电弧放电加工的主要原理,分析了现有的电弧加工方法尤其是可用于航空航天产品加工的电弧铣削及电弧成形加工的工艺特点、加工对工件表面质量的影响等,介绍了这一新型工艺方法在航空航天产品,尤其是发动机热端难加工部件制造上的潜在优势.     

民用飞机线束主通道规划设计

综合中国民用航空规章25部对于电气线路互联系统(EWIS)的隔离要求,提出了民用飞机EWIS主通道的规划设计方法。以某型飞机供配电系统为例,通过将导线按电磁兼容类别、余度功能、独立电源以及特殊系统线路进行分类,编制导线敷设的通道代码,并在规划线束通道时,将不同类别线束、线束与结构、管路、操纵钢索等按照一定的距离进行隔离,在不满足隔离距离的情况下,通过施加隔离保护装置的措施进行等效隔离,完成线束主通道在机上的布局,从而实现EWIS的隔离。     

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.     

不同电极材料下ADN基液体推进剂电点火特性的实验研究

目前二硝酰胺铵(ADN)基液体推进剂在工程应用中均采用催化点火燃烧方式,而电点火可以避开催化剂高温失活、冷启动等问题。为了研究ADN基液体推进剂的电点火特性,在密封装置中开展了不同电极材料下推进剂液滴电点火实验,并研究了180V～230V电压范围内液滴着火延迟时间、着火持续时间以及燃烧过程的变化规律。结果表明:ADN基液体推进剂能够通过电阻加热点火方式点燃。采用钨丝电极时,着火延迟时间、着火持续时间和反应总时间均随着电压增加逐渐减小,在230V电压时相对于180V时分别减小了25%,56%和38%。采用钼丝电极时,着火延迟时间在180V～200V范围随着电压增加逐渐降低,在200V～230V电压范围内基本不变;着火持续时间总体上随着电压的增加而呈现略微增加的趋势,但增加幅度较小;反应总时间在180V～230V电压范围内基本稳定在1.5s左右。     

基于多用表磁感应开关测量方法研究

研究了磁感应开关的工作原理及其电气性能,提出了一种基于多用表磁感应开关电气性能测量方法,实现磁感应开关在空载和加载条件下性能指标的测量。试验验证表明,基于多用表方法能够对磁感应开关电气性能进行有效的测量,测量结果不确定度满足磁感应开关产品规范的要求。