深空探测器运行轨道的基本性态

要成功地发射一个深空探测器进入目标轨道,相应的运行过程基本上涉及3个阶段:近地停泊轨道运行段、转移轨道的过渡段和进入目标天体的绕飞段。它们各自的运行状态和相应的数学模型有所差别,特别是转移轨道段的运行特征与绕飞段的卫星轨道的典型特征之间的重大差别,在深空探测任务中受到广泛的重视,如平动点利用中的晕(Halo)轨道和引力加速的节能过渡等。然而,就太阳系而言,这些不同轨道之间有一共同的基本性态,那就是都可以用在牛顿万有引力定律制约下的开普勒轨道(或变化的开普勒轨道)来刻画。本文将针对上述不同运行段轨道对应的数学模型、研究方法和结果,结合我们所做的工作进行综述。     

电子回旋共振推力器放电室内磁场与微波电磁场分析

电子回旋共振推力器具有寿命长、比冲高、结构简单等特点,适宜用作深空探测器主推进装置。放电室是电子回旋共振推力器的关键部件,其作用是产生电子回旋共振等离子体。放电室内的磁场和微波电磁场分布对于推力器的可靠启动、稳定工作有着重要的影响。为此针对10cm推力器,采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了三种磁路模型,计算了放电室内的磁场分布,得出三种方案中电子回旋共振面的位置,分析放电室材料不同时磁场分布的变化;最后采用ANSYS有限元分析软件计算了放电室内的电磁场分布。结果表明,在电子回旋共振面上微波能量满足放电所需能量。计算结果可以为电子回旋共振推力器放电室的设计提供帮助。     

Autonomous navigation of formation flying spacecrafts in deep space exploration and communication by hybrid navigation utilizing neural network filter

Autonomous navigation of spacecrafts is a difficult task, however, which is a must in future deep space exploration. With multiple spacecrafts flying in space, this aim can be achieved by formation flying spacecraft (FFS) utilizing inverse time difference of arrival (ITDOA) and inverse difference Doppler (IDD) methods, which can locate the position of earth-station from one-way uplink signals in the FFS coordinate, and by way of conversion of coordinates, the position of FFS is achieved in earth-centered earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate. The ability of neural network (NN) filter in navigation to extract position of spacecrafts from random measuring noise of signal arrival time and Doppler shift is studied with different radius of FFS and surveying parameters. The NN filter used by spacecraft group is new way of unidirectional autonomous navigation and is of high precision of hybrid navigation.     

Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)

In late 2006, NASA's Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth's (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA's planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars.Our NEO team will present and discuss the following:

• new mission trajectories and concepts;

• operational command and control considerations;

• expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and

• continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits.

月球与深空探测频率规划研究

介绍国际电（ITU）和空间频率协调组（SFGC）关于月球与深空探测频率使用的一些规定和建议,研究国外月球与深空探测频率使用规划和发展趋势,探讨我国月球与深空探测频率使用需求,提出我国月球与深空探测频率建议和发展方向。     

天线组阵技术研究及其在我国深空测控通信系统中的应用

研究深空通信系统中天线组阵技术实现方案,并通过数值仿真对几种基本的天线组阵方案和算法的性能进行比较分析。仿真结果表明,采用SUMPLE算法的全频谱合成技术能够获得很好的合成效率,是适合我国深空探测工程测控通信系统设计的有效方案,有望在我国后续的深空探测工程中得到应用。     

基于X射线脉冲星的深空探测器自主导航方案

X射线脉冲星自主导航系统可以为深空探测器提供位置、速度、时间和姿态等丰富且自主的导航信息,以X射线脉冲星测得的信息作为量测量,结合轨道动力学方程,对航天器的轨道进行自主估计确定。论文阐述了该方案的导航原理,在借鉴现有航天器导航系统的基础上,提出了基于X射线脉冲星导航的方案,介绍了方案的硬件组成、系统结构,并针对方案中导航敏感器多冗余的特征,给出了基于多传感器组合导航技术的结构,最后用仿真资料对方案做了性能概算和精度估计。     

深空导航相位参考干涉测量技术研究

针对深空导航不断提高的测角精度需求和传统无线电干涉测量技术所面临的局限，介绍了相位参考干涉技术用于深空导航的优势，重点分析了该技术的基本原理和两个关键观测参数的影响，综述了该技术在国外的研究进展情况，最后介绍了我国开展该技术研究的软硬件基础和利用嫦娥三号任务数据开展的相位参考干涉测量试验情况，试验结果表明了基于我国深空测控资源开展该技术研究的可行性和高精度，有助于推动该技术转向实际工程应用，提高我国深空导航无线电干涉测量水平。     

Gravity waves generated by thunderstorms: South-East Asia tropical region study

Gravity waves are recognized as an integral part of earth’s atmosphere which are mainly responsible for energy and momentum distribution among different layers and regions in the atmosphere. Various sources present in land, ocean, and atmosphere such as mountains, convection, jets and fronts etc. are responsible for gravity waves generation. Thunderstorms (deep convection) are one of the major sources of gravity waves in the tropical region, capable of generating waves with a wide range of frequencies and scales and significantly affecting the existing waves. Previous numerical studies have characterised the wave properties that are generated from thunderstorms, but there are no statistically quantified studies. In this paper, we have modelled the relationship between the latent heat generated inside a thunderstorm and the gravity wave properties at the geo-collocated points. Gravity waves are identified over Singapore radiosonde station (with data available until 30?km altitude with 12?h temporal resolution) in the stratosphere using wavelet studies. Based on the GROGRAT ray tracing methods to identify the thunderstorm locations, and RAMS cloud-resolving models simulations to obtain the latent heating of the thunderstorm, a regression analysis is performed using 200 cases of gravity waves. Furthermore, cloud-top momentum flux analysis is performed for various cases latent heat. This study is expected to provide more quantified and concrete information on the coupling between the thunderstorm and gravity wave which includes the variance in these relationships due to wave frequency spectrum and generation mechanisms.     

基于离子电推进系统的航天器有效载荷能力分析

为预估与提高航天器有效载荷能力,结合航天运输系统理论与离子推力器放电模型,对深空探测任务中以离子电推进系统为主要动力来源的航天器有效载荷能力进行了分析。通过理论推导,构建并揭示了有效载荷分数与深空探测任务参数和电推进系统性能参数的函数关系与潜在联系。结果表明:动力装置单位质量越小,航天器所能达到的最佳有效载荷分数越大;有效载荷分数的高低与离子引出份额、原初电子利用率参数的大小以及任务时间的长短呈正相关;当离子电推进系统可以达到更高的载荷比时,则需要更高的工质利用率作为支持。