80°／65°双三角翼滚转稳定特性预测研究

在FL-23风洞中开展了80°／65°双三角翼大迎角下的滚转特性研究．包括静态测力试验．动导数试验和自由滚转试验,通过静态测力试验及动导数试验获得了双三角翼模型在大迎角条件下的滚转力矩特性以及动导数特性,从而对双三角翼大迎角条件下的滚转运动特性进行了预测．最后通过自由摇滚试验对预测结果进行了验证。研究结果表明随着模型迎角的增加,双三角翼呈现不同的滚转运动形态,包括静态稳定、舣周期震荡、准极限环摇滚．通过静态气动力及动导数可以较准确地对模型的运动形态及对应的迎角范围进行预测。     

Sensitivity of a physically realizable heliogyro root pitch control system to inherent damping models

The heliogyro solar sail employs high aspect ratio blades that are rigidized by spinning about the central spacecraft, eliminating the need for structural booms typically used to tension traditional square sails. The easily scalable heliogyro gains its maneuverability by actuating the blades at their root with sinusoidal pitch profiles. The blade vibration caused by maneuvering must be attenuated using active control since there is little inherent damping in the blade material. Due to the small root pitch control torques required, on the order of 2 µNm, compared to the large friction torques associated with a root pitch actuator, it has only recently been shown that a single blade heliogyro impedance controller can add damping to the lowest frequency torsional modes of the blade in the presence of modeled actuator friction torques. However, the need to measure blade twist away from the actuator at the root creates a non-collocated control system. Some inherent damping at the blade’s higher frequency modes is therefore needed to stably add damping to the larger-magnitude low-frequency modes, hence control design is sensitive to the accuracy of the blade damping model. Recently, damping characterization tests performed on a small-scale heliogyro blade in a high-vacuum chamber invalidated the assumption of a linear viscous torsional blade damping model that was previously used in blade control designs. This paper describes the formulation of three modal damping models based on the new experimental data and their integration into the single blade heliogyro model. A comparison of the robustness and performance envelopes for the baseline proximal blade twist feedback controller using these damping models shows the ability to meet the required settling time of less than 720 s necessary for a heliogyro technology demonstration mission. This comparison of physically realizable root pitch control systems for a heliogyro blade is critical to increasing the sailcraft to Technology Readiness Level three.     

多模态时域振动衰减信号各模态分离与阻尼参数辨识方法

针对多模态信号中各模态难以准确分离和模态阻尼参数难以准确识别的问题,提出了布谷鸟搜索(CS)算法参数优化的变分模态分解方法 (CS-VMD)和模态阻尼参数辨识的包络线积分法(EIM)。使用CS-VMD方法将多模态时域振动衰减信号中的多模态分量准确分离开来,利用EIM辨识各模态的模态频率和阻尼比,并与理论值(或测量值)以及半功率带宽法(HPB)辨识值进行对比。位移仿真信号与压气机导向叶片测频信号模态分解及模态参数辨识表明,CS-VMD方法可实现对多模态信号的正确分解,EIM辨识的模态频率误差均小于1.0%;对于位移仿真信号,EIM辨识的模态阻尼比最大误差小于2.5%;对于压气机导向叶片测频信号,使用EIM和HPB方法辨识的模态阻尼比最大差别为9.098%,EIM的模态阻尼辨识精度比HPB方法高。     

升力浮力复合型飞艇动导数分析

计算了球体和椭球体的平移、转动加速度导数,数值模拟了NACA0015翼型的俯仰振荡,验证了计算流体动力学(CFD)方法计算动导数的有效性.模拟升力浮力复合型飞艇的强迫振荡运动,得到了全艇以及机翼、艇身、平尾和垂尾的动导数,并与常规飞艇进行了比较分析.机翼对速度导数的贡献导致复合型飞艇升沉速度导数、滚转角速度导数较常规飞艇显著增大.常规飞艇加速度导数以惯性力成分为主,但黏性力成分以及机翼对艇身和尾翼的干扰对复合型飞艇升沉、滚转和俯仰3个方向的加速度导数有重要影响,不能将加速度导数简化为附加质量系数.      

一种改进阻尼倒数的空间机器人避奇异算法

针对自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划过程中存在的动力学奇异问题,提出一种动力学奇异转化加改进阻尼倒数的奇异回避算法。首先,通过运动学分解,间接求解机器人逆运动学方程,避免直接求解逆广义雅可比矩阵,以实现奇异参数的分离;然后,采用改进的高斯分布阻尼因子的阻尼倒数代替奇异参数的普通倒数,回避运动学奇异的影响。与现有阻尼倒数方法相比,提高了算法在奇异点附近的连续性,进一步减小了算法带来的跟踪误差。在PUMA类型空间机器人模型上进行仿真试验,校验算法的有效性。     

临近空间长航时太阳能飞行器动导数特性及机理

为解决现有计算方法无法用于动导数机理分析的问题,通过理论推导得到了一组只需要较少总体气动参数的动导数计算公式。根据此计算公式进行的机理分析表明,临近空间长航时太阳能飞行器的大展弦比气动布局、高巡航升力系数对横航向动导数有直接影响。推导的动导数计算公式可用作此类飞行器动导数计算和分析的简便工具。     

结构阻尼混杂复合材料研究进展

纤维增强树脂基复合材料因其比强度比模量高、阻尼减振性能优异等优点已成为航空航天领域重要的结构材料。混杂化是实现复合材料结构承载与阻尼性能一体化的有效途径。本文以近十年结构阻尼混杂复合材料研究为基础,从微纳颗粒混杂、层内编织混杂、层间铺层混杂和插层结构混杂四个方面对结构阻尼混杂复合材料的阻尼减振性能进行了详细分析。指出了结构阻尼混杂复合材料在阻尼减振领域应用存在的问题并给出了建议。     

通信收发机铝壳组件振动模态分析

研究了机载空地通信系统收发机铝壳组件的振动模态,首先用有限元分析软件建立了实际尺寸的机载空地通信系统收发机铝壳组件分析模型,分析用实体单元采用适应性很强并有退化性的Solid185,材料属性参数采用实际测得的参数值,对模型进行了自由网格划分并开启等级为7的智能分网,根据实际安装尺寸对底部方形安装孔内孔面及其周围一定范围内的节点加载0约束,获得了铝壳组件各振动模态参数,并分析了1阶、2阶、3阶模态的振型情况.根据模态分析结果和实际使用条件,利用约束阻尼结构对机载空地通信系统收发机铝壳组件进行减振设计,测试结果表明:在高频段约束阻尼结构减振效果较好,在中低频段的减振效果稍差,约束阻尼结构的预紧压力大小会明显影响到低频段的减振效果.     

A practical filter error method for aerodynamic parameter estimation of aircraft in turbulence

It is common for aircraft to encounter atmospheric turbulence in flight tests. Turbulence is usually modeled as stochastic process noise in the flight dynamics equations. In this paper, parameter estimation of nonlinear dynamic system with both process and measurement noise was studied, and a practical filter error method was proposed. The linearized Kalman filter of first-order approximation was used for state estimation, in which the filter gain, along with the system parameters and the initial states, constituted the parameter vector to be estimated. The unknown parameters and measurement noise covariance were estimated alternately by a relaxation iteration method, and the sensitivities of observations to unknown parameters were calculated by finite difference approximation. Some practical aspects of the method application were discussed. The proposed filter error method was validated by the flight simulation data of a research aircraft. Then, the method was applied to the flight tests of a subscale aircraft, and the aerodynamic stability and control derivatives were estimated. All the estimation results were compared with the results of the output error method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. It is shown that the filter error method is superior to the output error method for flight tests in atmospheric turbulence.     

运载火箭中电子设备的阻尼隔振

本文叙述了用国产9050粘弹性高阻尼材料制成的阻尼垫式的三向隔振器来代替JPZ三向等刚度减震器附加阻尼器组成的三向隔振系统。当用在5.8kg设备中,阻尼垫隔振器的低频共振频率为45±3Hz,放大率小于3。当激励频率大于67Hz时,即起隔振作用。