叶型对扩压叶栅角区分离的影响

为了在叶型设计阶段尽可能减小角区分离的可能性,用数值模拟方法研究角区分离形式对扩压叶栅气动性能的影响,以及叶型参数对角区分离形式和分离范围的影响。角区分离改变了吸力面的静压分布,静压沿叶展方向呈现出"C"型压力分布,与开式分离相比闭式分离加剧了吸力面的"C"型压力分布,闭式分离造成下端壁吸力面最低压力点后的流向逆压力梯度增加。分离降低叶栅扩压能力,增大损失,与开式分离相比闭式分离的气动性能降低更显著。研究结果表明:角区分离受叶型参数的影响较大,随着叶型相对厚度的增加、中弧线挠度增大、最大厚度位置后移吸力面最大厚度位置之后的型线曲率的变化梯度增大,吸力面最低压力点之后的流向逆压力梯度和吸力面展向压力梯度增大,进而增大角区分离范围,改变分离形式,由开式分离向闭式分离转变。     

A new localization theory of adaptive machining of near-net-shape blades

In the fabrication of aero-engine blades, a great deal is gained when massive material removal is avoided at the end of the process, and as little as possible material is left on the blade billet. Due to the uncertainty of pre-process, the billet shapes are inconsistent. Sometimes, the near-net-shape billet doesn’t cover the blade design surface to be cut. Therefore, blade localization is necessary for these billets before the machining. In conventional localization methods, the design surface’s location focused on guaranteeing enough material to be cut. However, because the to-be-cut surface is in near-net and free-form shape, it is difficult to find a valid localized surface model to generate the tool path. Different from the localized surface is taken as rigid in previous investigation, it is allowed to deviate from the design surface no more than the tolerance band. In term of this principle, the tolerance band is utilized to promote localization ability. A series of optimization models with different priorities is established to avoid the abandonment expensive blade billet. Finally, with the experiments performed on the near-net-shape blades, the blade localization theory and the promotion of localization ability are verified.     

视线测量光学导航系统观测模型选取

在基于视线矢量观测的自主光学导航系统中,观测模型的非线性是影响导航精度的一个重要因素。通过定量计算观测模型的非线性强度,研究了视线测量光学导航系统测量模型的选取问题。文章基于透射投影模型的共线性方程,给出了两种视线矢量观测模型的导航测量方程及测量噪声统计特性。在扩展卡尔曼滤波框架内深入分析了观测模型非线性对导航性能的影响。并利用微分几何非线性曲率测量理论,定量比较了两种观测模型的非线性强度。最后以基于视线矢量观测的姿态确定系统为例,仿真验证了非线性曲率测量与导航性能的一致性,结果表明基于单位矢量观测模型的光学导航系统具有更高的估计精度和更快的收敛特性。     

Experimental study of curvature effects on jet impingement heat transfer on concave surfaces

Experimental study of the local and average heat transfer characteristics of a single round jet impinging on the concave surfaces was conducted in this work to gain in-depth knowledge of the curvature effects. The experiments were conducted by employing a piccolo tube with one sin-gle jet hole over a wide range of parameters: jet Reynolds number from 27000 to 130000, relative nozzle to surface distance from 3.3 to 30, and relative surface curvature from 0.005 to 0.030. Exper-imental results indicate that the surface curvature has opposite effects on heat transfer characteris-tics. On one hand, an increase of relative nozzle to surface distance (increasing jet diameter in fact) enhances the average heat transfer around the surface for the same curved surface. On the other hand, the average Nusselt number decreases as relative nozzle to surface distance increases for a fixed jet diameter. Finally, experimental data-based correlations of the average Nusselt number over the curved surface were obtained with consideration of surface curvature effect. This work con-tributes to a better understanding of the curvature effects on heat transfer of a round jet impinge-ment on concave surfaces, which is of high importance to the design of the aircraft anti-icing system.     

A new simpler rotation/curvature correction method for Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model

 A new and much simpler rotation and curvature effects factor, which takes the form of Richardson number suggested by Hellsten originally for SST k-x model, is presented for Spalart and Shur's rotation and curvature correction in the context of Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. The new factor excludes the Lagrangian derivative of the strain rate tensor that exists in the SARC model, resulting in a simple, efficient and easy-to-implement approach for SA turbulence model (denoted as SARCM) to account for the effects of system rotation and curvature, techniquely. And then the SARCM is tested through turbulent curved wall flows: one is the flow over a zeropressure- gradient curved wall and the other is the channel flow in a duct with a U-turn. Predictions of the SARCM model are compared with experimental data and with the results obtained using original SA and SARC models. The numerical results show that SARCM can predict the rotation-curvature effects as accurately as SARC, but considerably more efficiently. Additionally, the accuracy of SARCM might strongly depend on the rotation-curvature model constants. Suggesting values for those constants are given, after some trials and errors.     

旋转状态下曲率模型上的气膜冷却效率

通过对旋转状态下曲率模型上气膜冷却的流动和换热特性进行实验研究,得到了不同主流雷诺数、吹风比和旋转数情况下的壁面冷却效率分布,同时对实验工况进行了数值模拟。实验中,主流雷诺数Re=3 198.4~6716.6,吹风比M=0.4~1.2,旋转数R t=0~0.015 9。结果表明,吸力面和压力面模型上的气膜覆盖轨迹受离心力与哥氏力的综合作用呈现不同的偏转趋势。吹风比的增大使得气膜孔下游中心区域的冷却效率逐渐降低,旋转数的提高则有助于改善压力面模型上相同区域的冷却效果。此外,主流雷诺数的变化对壁面整体冷却效果影响不大。