Comparative study of two lay-up sequence dispositions for flexible skin design of morphing leading edge

Morphing leading edge has great potential for noise abatement and aerodynamic efficiency improvement. The drooping effect is realized by bending of the flexible skin which encloses to form the leading edge. Since the flexible skin is often made of composite laminates of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), the lay-up sequences have become the determinant, which affects not only the morphing quality but also the manufacturing complexity. Two optimizing methods of lay-up sequences are comparatively studied. In the first method, the laminal quantities in 0°, ±45° and 90° vary independently, while in the second one, the concept of isotropic laminate unit [0/45/−45/90]s is employed and the unit quantity is the unique variable. Final evaluation demonstrates that for both methods there is insignificant impact to the overall morphing quality; however, specific concern is equally necessary for these two methods to the tip of the leading edge where the skin is at its minimum thickness and bears the most severe bending deformation. In terms of computational efficiency and post-processing labor, the second method has better performance.     

Multiaxial fatigue life prediction of composite laminates

A study of composite laminates under tension–torsion biaxial loading is presented. The focus is placed on fatigue lives of composite laminates under different tension–torsion biaxial fatigue loading paths. A macro-meso model used to predict multiaxial fatigue life of composite laminates is also presented in this paper. Firstly, a macro-scale 3D RVE corresponding to composite laminates is established to determine strain components in the material principal direction of each layer for each biaxial stress ratio. Secondly, a meso-scale 3D RVE corresponding to each layer with fibers distributed randomly is established, with progressive damage prediction method, biaxial strength of composite laminates can be predicted, and the final failure layer can be confirmed. Thirdly, select any one of fatigue loading path at which the final failure of composite laminates is fiber failure (matrix failure) to establish the reference curve for fiber (matrix). Finally, with reference curve, fatigue life of composite laminates under any biaxial loading path can be predicted. And numerical results show good agreements with experimental data.     

Aeroelastic analysis and structural parametric design of composite rotor blade

Based on FEM theory, a method of dynamic analysis for hingeless rotors considering anisotropic composite materials is established. A parametric modeling method of composite blade with typical profile and high simulation degree for design is proposed. Through the finite element method, the profile characteristics of rotor blade can be obtained efficiently and accurately, and the synchronization of parametric design and finite element analysis of structural characteristics can be realized. Then a 23-degrees of freedom non-linear beam element is used to simulate the extended one-dimensional beam, thereby a non-linear differential equation describing the elastic motion of the rotor is established. To obtain the cross-sectional target characteristics of the blades, an inverse design method is proposed for cross-section components based on combinatorial optimization algorithm. The calculation and validation work show that the proposed model can effectively analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of general composite rotors. Further, the influence of cross-sectional parameters on the aeroelastic stability and hub loads of hingeless rotor is analyzed and some remarkable conclusions are obtained.     

Simulation of Wave Impact on Three-Dimensional Horizontal Plate Based on SPH Method

An improved three-dimensional incompressible smooth particle hydrodynamics （ISPH） model is developed to simulate the impact of regular wave on a horizontal plate. The improvement is the employment of a corrective function to enhance angular momentum conservation in a particle-based calculation. And a new estimation method is proposed to predict the pressure on the horizontal plate. Then, the model simulates the variation characteristics of impact pressures generated by regular wave slamming. The main features of velocity field and pressure field near the plate are presented. The present numerical model can be used to study wave impact load on the horizontal plate.     

碟轮修整单层钎焊金刚石砂轮对磨削SiC的材料去除机理的影响

碟轮修整方法可以实现对单层钎焊金刚石砂轮的精密修整,改善磨粒等高性,提高加工表面质量。为了探究此种修整方法对磨削SiC陶瓷的材料去除机理的影响,建立了砂轮修整量与单颗磨粒最大切厚之间影响关系的理论模型,并且进行了单层钎焊金刚石砂轮的碟轮修整实验,在修整过程中又进行了SiC陶瓷的磨削实验。从砂轮磨粒形貌及磨削表面形貌角度对磨削过程中的材料去除机理进行了研究。结果表明,碟轮修整单层钎焊金刚石砂轮增加了砂轮表面动态有效磨粒数,减小了单颗磨粒最大切厚,使SiC陶瓷的材料去除方式从修整前的脆性断裂转变为塑性变形,最终实现了SiC陶瓷的延性域磨削。     

基于互相关矢量图的车牌定位新算法

互相关矢量图是由流场粒子图像测速的互相关计算结果绘成的矢量图形,提出一种车牌自动定位的新算法--VMLA算法,该算法基于字符笔画左右边缘之间的互相关矢量图的结构特点,可以从复杂车牌图像背景中搜索到车牌的正确位置.VMLA算法具有较强的车牌大小自适应性和实时处理能力,540幅车牌图像的实验结果初步验证了该方法的有效性.     

等离子体激励器控制平板边界层转捩实验研究

在低速射流风洞中,研究了单级介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器对光滑平板边界层转捩位置的控制作用。实验采用热线测量技术,以边界层速度脉动与平均速度型作为转捩判据。实验发现,在来流速度为15 m/s,激励器连续放电参数为输出电压峰峰值11 kV,频率4.7 kHz时,在激励器放电作用下,平板边界层转捩位置推迟约40 mm。在相同的来流条件和激励器布局下,研究了不同放电参数对边界层内速度型,速度脉动以及频谱分布的影响,发现提高放电电压、频率和占空比能进一步推迟转捩。实验结果表明:激励器产生的射流效应可以增强边界层流动的稳定性,随放电电压、频率以及占空比增强,射流能量增大,因此边界层稳定性进一步加强,转捩控制效果也更明显。     

三层铝板结构高速撞击损伤与极限特性

利用二级轻气炮发射铝球弹丸,在真空环境下高速撞击双层铝板和三层铝板结构,研究撞击速度、板间距、铝板厚度对结构撞击损伤的影响。然后分析三层铝板结构的撞击极限速度,并与相同面密度的双层铝板结构的试验结果进行比较。结果表明,当面密度相同时,三层铝板结构比双层铝板结构具有更强的高速撞击防护能力,增加首层铝板厚度有助于提高三层铝板结构高速撞击防护性能,当第二层铝板位于首层铝板与舱壁中间位置时,三层铝板结构的高速撞击防护性能趋于最佳。     

超低温对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料弯曲性能的影响

研究正交铺层的碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在超低温的环境下的弯曲性能和损伤破坏形式。对复合材料试样进行不同时间的液氧浸泡处理和不同次数的常温/液氧温度热循环处理来模拟液氧燃料贮箱使用工况,通过配有超低温试验装置的力学试验机研究CFRP在不同超低温条件处理前后的低温弯曲强度和弯曲模量的变化规律;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对破坏前后试样的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明,经过液氧浸泡及常温/液氧温度热循环处理的CFRP的超低温弯曲强度和模量变化趋势基本一致,均随时间和循环次数的增加先下降后上升,这种变化规律与其超低温环境下材料的微观结构变化密切相关。结合CFRP破坏前后的宏观和微观结构特性以及微裂纹的扩展规律,揭示了正交铺层CFRP超低温弯曲性能变化的 机理。     

天问一号探测器耐高温蜂窝夹层结构选材与性能研究

针对天问一号火星探测器耐高温大承载复合材料蜂窝夹层结构应用需求,基于材料匹配设计和工艺可行原则,提出了氰酸酯树脂体系的复合材料蜂窝夹层结构。通过比较不同后处理工艺下M40J/BS-4氰酸酯基复合材料高温层间剪切性能,发现BS-4氰酸酯基复合材料经200℃下3～5 h后处理可获得较佳的高温使用性能。经200℃下4 h后处理的M40J/BS-4氰酸酯基复合材料,在170℃下各项力学性能保持率均达到室温测试值的80%以上。板芯胶高温力学性能测试以及其对夹层结构高温承载性能的影响研究表明,氰酸酯体系的J-245C、J-389B两种板芯胶在温度不超过200℃时均具有足够协调板芯变形及传递板芯间载荷的能力,但高温下胶黏剂的性能退化会造成夹层结构刚度的退化。天问一号探测器蜂窝夹层结构典型单元在高温下的弯曲性能、侧向压缩性能测试结果表明,碳纤维氰酸酯基复合材料铝蜂窝夹层结构具备耐170℃高温下大承载的能力。