航天器密封舱内真空测量技术改进

文章针对在空间环境模拟器水平舱进行人-船-服联合试验中出现的电容薄膜真空规测量偏差问题进行了分析,确定了真空测量系统所存在的问题是由于真空规使用方法不当,并对系统进行了针对性改造。改造后系统圆满地完成了人-船-服联合试验中的压力测量。     

A method of predicting visual detectability of low-velocity impact damage in composite structures based on logistic regression model

This paper proposed a new method for quantitative assessment of visual detectability of damage based on logistic regression, using the Probability of Detection (POD) as a criterion. Experiments were performed to establish the massive hit/miss data of visual inspection. Authoritative investigations verified the reliability of the data. The prediction function concluded comprises more than one flaw size parameters, including the depth and diameter of the dents. The results show that the depth and diameter of the dents are pivotal for the evaluation of detectability; the type of detection, the detection distance, and the qualifications of personnel are critical external factors to be considered. This function, with an accuracy rate of nearly 85%, is capable of predicting the visual detection probability of impact damage under various detection environments, which will provide a reference for the damage tolerance design of composite materials and field maintenance in the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) field.     

Reduction of vibration by periodically stitched sandwich panel

This work reveals that the addition of periodically distributed stitches to sandwich structure enables a significant reduction of vibration in stop-band and this new functionality is systematically investigated. Firstly, a finite element model which is capable of taking into consideration the three layers of the sandwich as well as the stitches is developed. The diagram of dispersion is calculated by applying Floquet-Bloch theorem to the boundaries of unit cell. With properly chosen properties of stitches, a stop-band for flexural wave is observed. This stop-band is further confirmed by the forced response of a large stitched sandwich panel under point excitation. The level of vibration in the stop-band is significantly reduced. The influence of the stitch rigidity and density on upper and lower limits of stop-band is also examined, which confirms that stitched sandwich can be tuned to mitigate vibration in a certain frequency band with appropriate stitch properties. These investigations have demonstrated the potential application of stitched sandwich in the area of vibration reduction.     

对称负重合型气动伺服阀零位流动状态分析

针对负重合型气动伺服阀(PSV)零位特性设计缺少理论依据问题,根据单个节流口的气体质量流量公式建立起气动伺服阀滑阀级的数学模型,采用假设求证法分析了零位时气体流经上、下游节流口的流动状态与影响因素之间的关系。结果表明在不同供、排气压力比下,负重合量不均等系数小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有3种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,或者均为声速流动,或者上游节流口为声速时下游节流口为亚声速流动;负重合量不均等系数不小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有两种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,以及上游节流口为亚声速时下游节流口为声速流动。可知气动伺服阀的零位流动状态由负重合量不均等系数与供、排气压力比共同决定。以负重合量不均等系数分别为0.5、1、2的气动伺服阀为例进行了计算和实验验证,实验结果与理论分析相吻合。     

不同导叶数下液力透平蜗壳内压力脉动计算

当离心泵作液力透平运行时其内存在振动现象,为了使液力透平能够稳定运行,在液力透平蜗壳出口设计不同数量的导叶,然后在不同导叶数下利用Pro/e软件建立几何模型,并利用ANSYS-CFD软件通过在蜗壳内沿周向和径向设置监测点,计算在不同导叶数下液力透平蜗壳内的压力脉动幅值,之后通过快速傅里叶变换将压力脉动的计算结果进行数据处理,分析不同导叶数下液力透平蜗壳内的压力脉动频域分布和液力透平机组内的振动情况.研究结果表明:当导叶数等于9时,蜗壳内周向和径向各监测点处的压力脉动主频幅值最小;蜗壳内径向各监测点处的压力脉动主频幅值和最大脉动幅值随着流量的增加而增大,但随着导叶数的增加其增大程度逐渐减小;当液力透平蜗壳出口添加导叶数为9的导叶时有效降低了液力透平机组内的振动和噪声,提高了液力透平机组运行时的稳定性.      

基于燃烧室压力振荡的火焰筒结构优化

实验对比了双层与单层火焰筒的燃烧室压力振荡特性.实验结果表明:在相同的实验工况下,前者的压力振荡幅值要小.检验了基于叠加原理的多孔共振腔模型在分析上述压力振荡特性中的适用性.通过敏感性分析,探讨了在保证火焰筒冷却气分配不变的情况下,用于减小燃烧室压力振荡幅值的火焰筒结构改良方向.分析结果表明:火焰筒壁面的孔数量(孔直径)是用于减小燃烧室压力振荡工程优化的主要参数.      

定压活门稳定性定量分析

提出了一种定压活门(CPV)稳定性的定量分析方法.首先通过稳态分析,得到影响定压活门稳态性能的主要参数.通过小偏差动态分析,获得定压活门闭环极点根轨迹图.提出临界进口压力概念,得到5个主要结构参数对定压活门稳定裕度的定量影响:弹簧刚度对稳定裕度影响很小;而增大阀芯直径,提高阻尼系数,增加负载,减小定压腔容积都分别能够明显提高定压活门的稳定裕度,计算结果与实际工程经验及AMESim仿真结果基本一致.最终,得出增强定压活门稳定裕度的改进措施和设计方法:①定压活门改进问题,最有效的方法为改动出口流通面积;②定压活门设计时,首先应根据其工作进口压力要求及最小负载,确定临界进口压力,然后通过动态分析,以阀芯面积和定压腔容积作为主要的设计参数.      

某三级低压风扇不同工况叶尖间隙的变化规律及气动影响

通过模型分析结合数值模拟,对某三级低压风扇不同工况叶尖间隙变化规律及其对风扇气动性能的影响展开研究.根据叶尖间隙预估模型计算发现,三级低压风扇叶尖间隙变化具有主要与转速相关,同一转速下从堵塞点到近失速点叶尖间隙的变化并不大的特点.针对这一特征,提出了评估叶尖间隙变化对稳定裕度影响的方案.通过对使用冷态装配间隙和模型预估运行间隙分别进行全工况特性线数值仿真,结果发现:转速越大,叶尖间隙变化导致的影响也增大.在该三级低压风扇100%设计转速,叶尖间隙变化会带来0.5%进口流量、0.5%最大绝热效率以及5%稳定裕度的差异.      

连续旋转爆轰发动机参数特性的三维数值模拟

采用一步化学反应模型,基于任意坐标系下Euler控制方程,对连续旋转爆轰发动机(CRDE)进行了三维数值模拟研究, 详细分析了来流总压对CRDE参数特性的影响.研究发现:随着来流总压的增大,爆轰波峰值随之增大,但是燃烧室头部Laval型喷注段的壅塞比基本不变.不同来流总压下,可燃气体在燃烧室头部均以亚声速入射.随着来流总压的增大,燃烧室内流场的平均压强增大,但是其平均轴向流速基本不变.CRDE的流量、推力和比冲均随着来流总压的增加而变大;但是,不同来流总压下,CRDE的流量与Laval型喷注段最大流量之比不变,并且此比值约等Laval型喷注段的壅塞比.Laval型喷注段最大流量与来流总压成正比,因此以上分析从理论上进一步解释了CRDE的流量与来流总压成正比的原因.      

翼型支板火焰稳定器结构参数的研究

以NACA翼型参数算法为基础进行翼型支板火焰稳定器设计,并采用数值模拟方法探讨了翼型稳定器最大厚度位置和截尾厚度两个结构参数对总压恢复系数和回流区长度的影响.结果表明:在来流马赫数为0.15~0.30的条件下,随着翼型稳定器最大厚度位置向尾缘方向后移,总压恢复系数先增大后急剧减少,回流区长度则呈现相反趋势;翼型稳定器截尾厚度越小,其最大总压恢复系数越大,且回流区长度与截尾厚度的1.5次方成正比.