Analysis of the brightness temperature features of the lunar surface using 37 GHz channel data from the Chang'E-2 microwave radiometer

Compared with other remote observations, brightness temperatures (T_B) derived from microwave emission measurements provide a unique means to characterize the physical properties of the lunar surface. Using Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data, we produced 12 global T_B images of the lunar surface during a diurnal cycle with different local times separated by approximately 2?h. There are two types of remarkable T_B units on the lunar surface, the “hot regions” occurring during the lunar day in the lunar Maria regions and the “microwave cold spots” occurring during the nighttime typically related to young craters. Compared with their surroundings, the hot regions are much warmer during the lunar day and slightly colder at night, while the microwave cold spots are much colder during the lunar night and slightly warmer in the daytime. Moreover, the T_B heating and cooling rates of these two units are larger than others at the same average latitude where they are located during the lunar day, especially after sunrise and before sunset. The hot regions have a good agreement with the mare regions with high TiO₂ abundance. Besides, brightness temperatures in the lunar Maria correlate closely with their TiO₂ abundance. For most microwave cold spots, they agree with the young craters, and their brightness temperature distributions have a significant negative correlation with the lunar surface nighttime temperature and rock abundance.     

Experimental and numerical study on pressure oscillation in a combustor with rotary valve

A rotary valve coupled in a combustor assembly can generate periodic pressure oscillations inside the combustor and can be used to study the combustion instability in the combustion chamber of a rocket engine. This paper proposes a cold gas flow experimental system based on a rotary valve and a corresponding rotation model. A 3D numerical model is proposed to obtain the transient flow inside the rotary valve, and the dynamic mesh technique and User-Defined Functions (UDFs) are adopted to implement a swing motion instead of a rotary motion. Several cold gas flow experiments are carried out at rotating speeds of 75 225, and 375 rpm to verify the validity of the numerical model. The effects of rotating speed, stroke length ratio and radius of the RED (Rotor Exhaust Duct) on the pressure oscillations are studied using this numerical model. The results show that the maximum and peak-to-peak values of the pressure oscillations gradually decrease with increasing rotating speed. The ratio of the corresponding peak-to-peak value to the maximum pressure (pressure amplitude ratio) is reduced from 1.81 to 0.6%. The stroke length ratio affects the pressure waveform because it leads to a change in the time spent in the non-exhaust stage. When the stroke length ratio is 0, the waveform closely resembles a sine wave. With the increase in the stroke length ratio, the pressure waveform exhibits a more square or a triangular wave shape. Finally, a high-frequency and high-amplitude pressure oscillation can be obtained by appropriately increasing the radius of the RED.     

微小推力冷气发动机动静态性能实验研究

针对所设计的微小推力冷气发动机进行高空模拟试验,搭建了试验系统,并应用推力测试装置测量了发动机不同推进剂下的推力和比冲,得到了发动机的稳态特征参数,当分别以丙烷和氮气为推进剂时,平均比冲分别为83.5s和75.6s.为了获得发动机的动态特征参数,对推力测量装置进行了负阶跃力和正阶跃力动态标定,通过标定数据的对比验证得到推力测量系统的延迟时间为90ms;进而在特定试验工况下,给出了发动机和推力测量装置实际上升时间的计算方法,得到丙烷质量流量为40mg/s时,发动机的上升时间为27.1 ms.     

精密轴的加工与稳定化处理

文章介绍了航天遥感器中精密滑动轴的机械加工与磨削及稳定性处理等特点。包括材料性能,刀具材料与几何参数,磨料与磨削工艺参数及稳定性处理。     

钛合金管材三辊冷轧机滑道工作曲线的设计方法

针对钛合金管材的三辊冷轧机滑道工作曲线设计,提出一种新的方法--以轧制力的稳定为设计标准,合理分配减径段各段的压下量.与传统以压下量逐段递减为原则的经验设计方法相比,该方法可以根据具体材料和工艺制度的改变而灵活调整,减少了工艺缺陷的产生,提高了钛合金管材加工的表面质量.     

The plasma sheet and boundary layers under northward IMF: A multi-point and multi-instrument perspective

During conditions of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the near-tail plasma sheet is known to become denser and cooler, and is described as the cold-dense plasma sheet (CDPS). While its source is likely the solar wind, the prominent penetration mechanisms are less clear. The two main candidates are solar wind direct capture via double high-latitude reconnection on the dayside and Kelvin–Helmholtz/diffusive processes at the flank magnetopause. This paper presents a case study on the formation of the CDPS utilizing a wide variety of space- and ground-based observations, but primarily from the Double Star and Polar spacecraft on December 5th, 2004. The pertinent observations can be summarized as follows: TC-1 observes quasi-periodic (∼2 min period) cold-dense boundary layer (compared to a hot-tenuous plasma sheet) signatures interspersed with magnetosheath plasma at the dusk flank magnetopause near the dawn-dusk terminator. Analysis of this region suggests the boundary to be Kelvin–Helmholtz unstable and that plasma transport is ongoing across the boundary. At the same time, IMAGE spacecraft and ground based SuperDARN measurements provide evidence of high-latitude reconnection in both hemispheres. The Polar spacecraft, located in the southern hemisphere afternoon sector, sunward of TC-1, observes a persistent boundary layer with no obvious signature of boundary waves. The plasma is of a similar appearance to that observed by TC-1 inside the boundary layer further down the dusk flank, and by TC-2 in the near-Earth magnetotail. We present comparisons of electron phase space distributions between the spacecraft. Although the dayside boundary layer at Polar is most likely formed via double high-altitude reconnection, and is somewhat comparable to the flank boundary layer at Double Star, some differences argue in favour of additional transport that augment solar wind plasma entry into the tail regions.     

用于铷原子磁光阱的超高真空系统设计

上抛式冷原子干涉重力仪,以Rb原子作为操控介质,使其在二维磁光阱中被冷却,在三维磁光阱中装载并在干涉区内实现探测。根据重力仪对真空系统的特殊要求,对真空系统的结构和参数进行设计,完成真空泵、真空腔室结构及光学玻片等关键部件的选型及设计,设计出结构紧凑实用的超高真空系统。在后期磁光阱的装配中,提出了相应的关键工艺技术,实现了超高真空系统的组装搭建。通过差分管的设计,二维磁光阱的真空度控制在10-6Pa,三维磁光阱的极限真空度达到10-8Pa。     

新颖正激推挽电路的研究及工程实现

介绍了一种新颖的正激推挽变换器。详细分析了它的工作原理 ,并和推挽电路作对比。由于它能抑制推挽变换器特有的铁心偏磁及开关管上高的电压尖峰 ,从而可以采用电压型控制方案 ,简化了控制方式 ,同时降低了对器件一致性的要求 ,使本电路的变换器产品便于批量生产。最后通过对 2 8.5 V输入、75 V输出 1 k W DC/ DC变换器的研制 ,对该电路拓扑进行了实验验证 ,试验结果表明 ,正激推挽电路在低压输入应用场合有较大的优势     

微尺度拉伐尔喷管冷态流场及其推进性能

为了研究微尺度超声速喷管的推进性能,采用无滑移的连续介质模型,对二维和三维微尺度拉伐尔喷管的冷态流场进行数值模拟。对不同算例的模拟结果进行比较,给出二维微喷管对几何结构和工作条件的要求,结果表明,在绝大部分工作条件下,20°扩张角是较好的外形设计选择;对三维和二维模拟结果进行比较,给出二维微喷管对蚀刻深度的要求,结果表明,蚀刻深度和喷管喉部宽度的比值超过10时,微喷管具备很好的二维特性。     

IBM-PC在液体火箭发动机喷嘴冷流实验台测控系统中的应用

IBM-PC微机在喷嘴冷流实验系统中的应用,提高了测量精度和实验的自动化程度,节省了人力与实验的周期.为今后大规模开展多种类型喷嘴的冷流喷雾特性实验研究,奠定了良好的基础.