Ionospheric electron density over Resolute Bay according to E-CHAIM model and RISR radar measurements

In this study, predictions of the E-CHAIM ionospheric model are compared with measurements by the incoherent scatter radars RISR at Resolute Bay, Canada, in the northern polar cap. Reasonable coverage was available for all seasons except winter for which no conclusions were drawn. It is shown that ratios of the model-to measured electron densities are close to unity in the central part of the F layer, around its peak. This is particularly evident for summer daytime. Distributions of the ratios are wider for other seasons indicating larger number of cases when the model underestimates or overestimates. E-CHAIM underestimates the electron density at ionospheric topside and bottomside by ～ 10–20 %. At the bottomside, the underestimations are strongest in summer and equinoctial nighttime. At the topside, the underestimations are strongest in autumn nighttime. Model overestimations are noticeable in the middle part of the F layer during dawn hours in autumn. Overall, the model tends to not predict highest-observed peak electron densities and the largest-observed heights of the peak.     

某小型无人机中长波辐射特性测量及辐射强度反演

随着“自杀式”无人机集群的饱和式攻击在战场上发挥巨大威力,如何有效拦截是各国近年来研究的重要方向,而红外探测是最热门也是最高效的探测拦截手段之一。为此,开展某典型无人机目标中长波红外探测试验,获取典型某无人机目标辐射特性数据,完成中长波红外辐射强度反演。同时,考虑环境变化对红外探测的影响,为使用红外探测手段完成无人机目标拦截提供实测效果演示。本文研究结果可作为论证中长波对无人机目标探测差异的依据,以支撑探测体制的选择。     

Data-driven prescribed performance control for satellite with large rotational component

In this paper, the high precision attitude control for satellite with large misaligned rotational component is investigated, proposing a novel model-free prescribed performance adaptive control (MF-PPAC) method. Based on the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) strategy, high-precision attitude control is achieved depending on the system measurement rather than the spacecraft mathematical model, which demonstrates the superiority in handling nonlinearity and uncertainty of the spacecraft system, especially for those with unbalance of the rotational component. Furthermore, the transient and the stable-state behavior of the tracking error using MFAC is constrained in the prescribed performance bounds and converges to zero gradually with the utilization of prescribed performance function (PPF) and error transformation method. Finally, the convergence and boundedness of the system error, the bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stability of the proposed MF-PPAC is demonstrated by the contraction mapping theory. Simulation and comparison with disturbance-observer-based PD control and MFAC illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Preparation of the Biochip experiment on the EXPOSE-R2 mission outside the International Space Station

Biochips might be suited for planetary exploration. Indeed, they present great potential for the search for biomarkers – molecules that are the sign of past or present life in space – thanks to their size (miniaturized devices) and sensitivity. Their detection principle is based on the recognition of a target molecule by affinity receptors fixed on a solid surface. Consequently, one of the main concerns when developing such a system is the behavior of the biological receptors in a space environment. In this paper, we describe the preparation of an experiment planned to be part of the EXPOSE-R2 mission, which will be conducted on the EXPOSE-R facility, outside the International Space Station (ISS), in order to study the resistance of biochip models to space constraints (especially cosmic radiation and thermal cycling). This experiment overcomes the limits of ground tests which do not reproduce exactly the space parameters. Indeed, contrary to ground experiments where constraints are applied individually and in a limited time, the biochip models on the ISS will be exposed to cumulated constraints during several months. Finally, this ISS experiment is a necessary step towards planetary exploration as it will help assessing whether a biochip can be used for future exploration missions.     

太阳同步轨道卫星光学特性

为了分析太阳同步轨道卫星的光学特性,对FY-1卫星的可见光和红外波段光学信号进行了仿真计算和模拟试验验证.通过对外部辐射及内部热源的分析,计算了卫星的温度场,采用随机起伏表面算法模拟表面覆盖材料外表面,通过阴影遮挡判断及双向反射分布函数(BRDF, Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function)模型计算卫星对外部辐射的反射特性,编程计算得到在可见光0.4~1.0μm和红外8~14 μm,14~16 μm波段下卫星的光学特性.结果表明红外辐射亮度与表面温度相关,8~14 μm最大约90 W/(m²·sr)、14~16 μm最大约20 W/(m²·sr).空间可见光辐射强度具有明显的镜面反射效应,卫星主体峰值2 200 W/sr.通过地面模拟测量空间目标的温度和红外辐射验证了温度及红外辐射仿真计算模型,可见光辐射强度仿真计算结果与地面模型卫星测量结果误差在20%以内.     

嫦娥一号卫星撞月时刻与坐标精确分析

针对CE-1卫星精确的撞月时刻与撞月点坐标,首先通过探测器载波信号的本地相关处理技术,精确分析了载波信号在VLBI各测站的消失时刻,进而推算了卫星的撞月时刻;通过实时单向多普勒频移测量的事后分析,核实了卫星撞月过程中的飞行姿态演化;最后结合VLBI互相关时延与测距资料,经定位归算确定撞月点坐标。分析表明,CE-1卫星撞月时刻的误差为±5μs,撞月点坐标月面切向和三维定位误差分别约为0.274km和0.319km(1σ)。     

基于DoDAF的在轨维护与服务系统需求分析

基于DoDAF标准,对在轨维护与服务系统进行需求分析,增强系统使用者和开发者之间理解的一致性,为系统的分析、设计及扩展提供有利条件.选定典型的在轨维护与服务活动,应用DoDAF标准进行需求分析,得出在该活动下的系统需求,集成不同活动的需求便可以完成在轨维护与服务系统的整体需求.以在轨装配为例说明了具体的分析过程.基于D...     

航天器总装测试试验项目管理

针对航天器总装测试试验任务的新形势,提炼出项目管理中质量、进度、成本、风险等各要素,简要介绍了其管理过程、方法和工具。旨在突破技术、设备、人员、保障条件等资源瓶颈的制约,规范航天器总装测试试验过程中项目管理的组织流程和方法,为组织决策提供具有实际价值的理论支持,使多型号航天器项目总装、测试、试验按照最优计划进行。     

新型空天威胁目标防御难点及对策分析

在分析新型空天威胁目标的现状、特点及发展趋势的基础上,从预警探测、拦截打击方面分析了新型空天威胁目标的防御难点。针对这些难点,结合防御武器系统发展现状,提出了通过组网提高探测概率,运用新概念武器和通过网电空间拦截提高拦截概率的对策,最后给出了基于网络的反新型空天威胁目标的综合拦截方法。     

国外航天器在轨故障统计与分析

统计和分析航天器在轨实际发生的故障,可以从中发现在轨故障发生的规律,并指导航天器采取预防或纠正措施。文章在收集航天器在轨故障的基础上,划分了故障的类别,总结了故障发生趋势。对航天器平台而言,控制、供配电、推进3个分系统的故障所占比例最高。针对航天器供配电、综合电子、推进、热控、环控生保等分系统的故障进行了统计,并分析了...