镁合金消失模铸造充型过程中模样-金属界面行为的研究

通过直接观察充型过程和金属充型速度的标准方差分析技术研究了抽真空条件下镁合金消失模铸造充型过程中模样-金属界面行为。结果表明：在镁合金的浇注温度下，泡沫模样主要熔解为液态产物。在不抽真空时充型过程主要受模样-金属问热解产物的排除控制，金属前沿充型平稳并呈微凸形，充型速度很小并持续降低。然而，在抽真空条件下金属充型更多地受模样-金属界面处模样分解控制，金属前沿极不平稳并呈不规则的凹形，在充型过程中金属的充型速度变化很大并且无明显的规律可循。金属的充型速度随真空度提高而迅速增大，真空度与浇注温度对充型速度的影响具有很强的交互作用；进一步提高真空度，浇注温度成为影响充型过程最重要的因素，而真空度以及真空度与浇注温度的交换作用对充型速度的影响大为减弱。基于以上研究，提出了负压条件下镁合金消失模铸造充型过程中模样-金属界面处模样的热解和热解产物的排除行为模型。     

碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能

为提高树脂基摩擦材料摩擦因数稳定性,改善其抗热衰退性能。以碳纤维作为增强纤维,采用热压成型工艺制备碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料;用XD-MSM型定速摩擦试验机测定摩擦磨损性能,研究了不同含量碳纤维增强对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响;利用VK-X200三维激光扫描显微镜观察了摩擦材料磨损后表面的微观形貌并探讨其磨损机理。结果表明,碳纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料的硬度、压缩强度和剪切强度均得到提高,并随碳纤维含量的增加而逐渐增大;碳纤维增强作用提高了树脂基摩擦材料的耐磨性和摩擦因数的稳定性,改变了树脂基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损形式;碳纤维含量为4wt%的增强树脂基摩擦材料摩擦因数稳定性较高,抗热衰退性能较好,磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损。     

超轻纤维金属层合板的研究进展

纤维金属层合板具有密度小、冲击性能好、疲劳寿命长和损伤容限高等特征,广泛用于制作飞机、火箭和导弹等飞行器的蒙皮或壳体材料.本文介绍了国内外纤维金属层合板材料的发展概况,重点综述了新型超轻纤维金属层合板材料的研究现状,并阐述了纤维镁合金层合板在研究过程中需要关注和解决的若干问题.     

光纤布拉格光栅监测碳纤维复合材料固化成型过程

碳纤维复合材料固化成型时,温度和内应力对成型质量的影响巨大.鉴于碳纤维复合材料厚度通常为几毫米,传统的热电偶和电阻应变片等温度应变传感器由于体积较大,无法实现嵌入式监测.为了获得成型过程中材料内部实时的温度和应变,采用光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器进行监测.试验中使用两个FBG传感器,一个作为温度传感器,另一个作为应变传感器,内嵌于碳纤维预浸料铺层之中,分别用于监测碳纤维复合材料固化过程中内部的温度和应变等参量.试验结果表明,采用两个光纤光栅传感器分别用来监测碳纤维复合材料固化过程中内部温度和应变的变化是可行的.     

PTFE/CFRP/铝合金叠层材料钻削试验研究

对PTFE/CFRP/铝合金叠层材料进行了钻削试验研究。结果表明:最高钻削温度随主轴转速的增大而增大,但随进给量的增大反而下降;相同钻削参数下,从铝合金侧钻入能获得更低的钻削温度;采用较大的进给量有利于铝合金形成碎屑状切屑,避免带状切屑排出时划伤已加工CFRP表面;采用较低主轴转速和较大的进给量可获得更好的铝合金孔出口质量。     

PBO-C/ E 复合材料的界面及压力容器性能

研究了PBO纤维与T700碳纤维混杂复合材料的界面性能和压力容器性能。采用层间剪切强度测试和吸水率测试研究了不同混杂比对混杂复合材料界面粘接性能和吸水性能的影响。研制了PBO纤维与T700碳纤维混杂复合材料Ф150 mm压力容器,对容器的水压爆破性能和轴压承载性能进行了测试。结果表明:混杂复合材料的层间剪切强度随着混杂比增大逐渐升高,当T700碳纤维含量较低时,混杂复合材料界面粘接性能提高并不明显;混杂复合材料的吸水率介于PBO纤维和T700碳纤维复合材料之间,近似符合"混合定律",界面数对混杂复合材料吸水性影响较大;混杂复合材料Ф150 mm容器的PV/W随着混杂比增大逐渐降低,混杂工艺能够使PBO纤维复合材料容器的轴压承载性能提高31%。     

碳纳米管膜层间增韧对碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

分别采用两种碳纳米管膜进行层间增韧,应用热压罐工艺成型了碳纳米管膜/碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料,研究了碳纳米管膜的成型工艺、取向、面密度对复合材料力学性能和层间韧性的影响。结果表明:CNT膜平行于碳纤维铺放时复合材料的压缩强度、90°弯曲强度和层剪强度均高于CNT膜垂直于碳纤维铺放时的复合材料性能。面密度较小的CNT膜对复合材料的增韧效果较好。喷涂法成型的碳纳米管膜层间改性的复合材料层间断裂韧性明显优于拉膜法碳纳米管膜层间改性的。CNT无规膜的面密度为0.75 g/m2时,复合材料的GIC和GIIC最优,相比改性前分别提高了21%和42%。     

Spaceborne quantitative assessment of dissolved organic carbon fluxes in the Kara Sea

An advanced algorithm for retrieval of phytoplankton chlorophyll (CHL) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations from MERIS images of the Kara Sea is presented. The supply of DOC of terrestrial origin into the Kara Sea is numerically assessed from satellite data on DOC and historical records of river discharge rates. It exceeds the historical in situ values only by 25%. Satellite data on CHL were exploited for calculating the phytoplankton columnar biomass and the total phytoplankton biomass in the Kara Sea. Remote sensing and in situ data were used to calculate the value of the coefficient (K_PH) for calculation from phytoplankton biomass of autochthonous production of DOC. K_PH proved to be 142 ± 8 gC/gPH/month and exhibited only slight interannual variations. The coefficient K_PH was employed for the first time to evaluate the production of autochthonous DOC in the Kara Sea and to correct the value of the allochthonous DOC flux initially retrieved from space across the Kara Sea.     

Investigations on damage resistance of carbon fiber composite panels toughened using veils

This research focused on how to improve damage resistance of carbon fiber laminates. It was carried out at Cranfield University Composites Centre, Milton Keynes, UK as an MSc by research thesis project. A series of low-cost composite laminates, with or without novel veils provided by Tenax, was manufactured using current aircraft carbon fiber preforms via vacuum infusion (VI) molding in this research. All the investigations on damage resistance of these panels were carried out according to the British Standard (BS ISO 18353:2009). Initial damage was induced using a falling weight apparatus mounting a 16 mm hemispherical tip. C-scan and Micrograph were employed to reveal damage characteristics. Finally, both compression after impact (CAI) and plain compression strength were experimented. The behaviors of these panels, including damage size, damage construction, residual compression strength, and compression strength reduction, were utilized to investigate how and to what extent the veils affected the damage resistance. The results show that using veils is an efficient method of improving the damage resistance of the laminates studied. Maximum 32% increase in residual compression strength is achieved via veils accompanying with 7% increase in cost.     

充填俄制网状聚氨酯泡沫燃油箱的燃油冲刷静电实验研究

俄制战斗机燃油箱中广泛充填开孔弹性聚氨酯泡沫，在飞机加油过程中泡沫与燃油冲击摩擦会产生静电并可能发生静电荷的积聚，使燃油带上高电压值静电，因此有可能发生静电火花放电，威胁飞机安全。为此参照美军标MIL—F-87260中的静电燃油冲刷实验，对俄制网状聚氨酯泡沫材料的静电特性进行了初步探讨，并提出了相关意见。