C/C 复合材料的高温抗氧化防护研究进展

C/ C 复合材料在高温有氧环境中易氧化的缺点一定程度上影响了它在航空航天领域的应用与推
广,抗氧化涂层技术是提高其高温长时间抗氧化性能最直接有效的方法。本文综述了近年来国内外C/ C 复合
材料高温抗氧化涂层在玻璃、贵金属、陶瓷等涂层体系方面的最新研究成果;在分析介绍C/ C 高温抗氧化涂层
传统制备工艺优缺点及应用情况的基础上,进一步总结了高温抗氧化涂层制备技术最新研究进展;并对已开发
的抗氧化涂层体系适用环境及应用现状进行了深入的评述。最后针对C/ C 复合材料1 800℃以上的超高温抗
氧化防护问题,指出了目前研究中存在的问题及未来应重点努力发展的方向。     

高导热C/ C 复合材料的发展现状

高导热C/ C 复合材料具有高热导率、低密度、低热胀系数和高温下高强度等性能,成为近年来最
具发展前景的散热材料之一。本文综述了国内外高导热C/ C 复合材料的发展现状,分析了C/ C 复合材料的热
物理性能及影响其热导率的因素,介绍了C/ C 复合材料的导热机理、碳纤维、基体炭的导热性能,以及高导热
C/ C 复合材料的制备和改性等。     

基于遗传算法的复合材料泡沫夹层板铺层优化设计

机翼中泡沫夹芯结构的使用可以有效降低结构元件的重量,因此对复合材料泡沫夹层板的优化设计研究显得十分重要。基于遗传算法设计可以同时进行铺层角度和铺层厚度的优化算法,在该优化算法中采用分区优化技术及浮点数编码对铺层角度和铺层厚度设计变量进行设计。使用上述优化方法对复合材料机翼盒段泡沫夹芯蒙皮进行铺层优化设计,优化后的翼盒重量比优化前降低了38．2％。优化结果表明对复合材料机翼盒段夹芯蒙皮的优化设计可以有效地降低重量,为泡沫夹芯结构的使用提供一定的参考。     

碳纤维高温处理过程中石墨片层堆叠的温度效应

采用二维广角X-射线衍射法(WAXD)研究了国产聚丙烯腈基碳纤维在高温处理过程中石墨片层结构的堆叠过程,分析了温度因素对于堆叠结构的影响。实验结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,碳纤维中的类石墨片层堆叠层数不断增加,结构趋于规整致密,并且在1 900℃后堆叠速率加快。同时,通过元素分析和Raman光谱的研究,解释了堆叠速率提高的原因,随着非碳元素的脱除和碳化学结构向SP2杂化转变,结构缺陷不断减少,有利于石墨片层的堆叠。     

Biological features of an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum induced by carbon ions irradiation and its genetic polymorphism

It is well known that heavy ions irradiation is characterized by a high linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). These characters are believed to increase mutation frequency and mutation spectrum of plants or mammalian cells irradiated by heavy ions. Here we describe an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum induced by carbon ion irradiation. The growth period of this mutant was shortened by about 20 days compared to the wild type. The proline content of the mutant was increased by 11.05% while the malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of wild type. In addition, the RAPD analysis indicated that the percentage of polymorphism between the mutant KFJT-1 and the control KFJT-CK reached 5.26%. The gain of early-maturity might solve the problem in the northwest region of China where seeds of sweet sorghum cannot be mature because of early frost. The early-maturity mutant may be important for future space cultivation.     

Protective effects of melatonin against C beam irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA injury in the mouse brain

The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation-induced brain damages in mice induced by heavy ion beams. Kun-Ming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, irradiation control group, and three different doses of melatonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) treated groups. Apart from the normal control group, the other four groups were exposed to whole-body 4.0 Gy carbon ion beam irradiation (approximately 0.5 Gy/min) after i.p. administration of normal saline or melatonin 1 h before irradiation. The oxidative redox status of brain tissue was assessed by measurement of malondiadehyde (MDA) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) activities at 8 h after irradiation. DNA damages were determined using the Comet assay and apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometric analyses. A dramatic dose-dependent decrease in MDA levels, tail moment, rates of tailing cells, and apoptosis, and a dose-dependent increase in T-SOD and SOD2 activities, in brain tissues in the melatonin-treated groups were detected compared with the irradiation only group. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the percentage of brain cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased significantly, while those in the S and G2/M stage increased dramatically, with mice pretreated with melatonin compared to the irradiation control group. These data indicate that melatonin has protective effects against irradiation-induced brain injury, and that its underlying protective mechanisms may relate to modulation of oxidative stress induced by heavy ionirradiation.     

碳纤维模量的结构相关性理论研究及验证

从模量的基本理论出发,推导了碳纤维类石墨微晶模量与其结构参数所存在的函数关系。结果表明:碳纤维微晶模量受形状因子和取向角的协同影响:随着形状因子的增大,碳纤维微晶模量先快速上升后缓慢下降,而随着取向角的减小,微晶模量增加。利用X射线衍射的方法,测定了碳纤维的取向角和形状因子,进而得到碳纤维的计算模量,与实测的碳纤维模量基本接近,验证了模量理论分析的适用性。     

振动环境对相变组件热控性能影响的实验

为了研究振动环境对相变组件热控性能的影响，制备了基于纯硬脂酸和硬脂酸/泡沫铜复合相变材料的两种相变热控实验件，并进行了静止和振动环境中的热控实验。实验结果表明:泡沫铜的存在能够有效地强化相变组件的热控性能，在5000W/m2时，添加泡沫铜后平衡温度降低了19℃，有效热控时间延长了19.4%；在振动环境下，纯硬脂酸实验件的平衡温度降低了9.5℃，有效热控时间延长了13.2%；硬脂酸/泡沫铜实验件的有效热控时间延长了10.5%，振动带来的强迫对流能够有效强化相变组件的热控性能；并且相对于振动频率，振幅变化对影响结果的扰动较小，在一定的频率范围内，振动的影响随着频率的增加而变大。该研究可以为机载电子设备相变热控技术的应用提供参考。      

SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的发泡效果和力学性能

用单螺杆挤出机及型内二步法发泡工艺制备了短玻璃纤维(Short glass fiber,SGF)增强聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)泡沫复合材料,研究了SGF的质量分数对泡沫复合材料的泡孔形貌、界面粘结和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SGF的引入提高了共混体系的熔体强度,能够获得泡径细小且分布均匀的闭孔结构;偶联剂的表面包覆改善了SGF与PP的相容性,显著增强了两者的界面结合;随着增强纤维的加入,SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的冲击韧度和抗弯强度均呈现先增后降的变化趋势,并在SGF的含量为20%时达到最大值;研究发现,适量的SGF在共混体系中分散均匀且与基体的界面结合和共混体系的发泡效果得到显著改善,决定了SGF/PP泡沫复合材料能够获得优异的力学性能。     

航天器多功能结构传热特性的实验研究

针对航天器结构高性能、轻质化和集成化的发展要求,设计了集电路控制,热管理功能和结构承载功能于一体的多功能结构。此种结构分别采用柔性电路板控制热仿真多芯片模块,作为多功能结构的热源;碳碳材料作为热倍增器;复合材料蒙皮和金属泡沫芯子的夹层结构作为承载结构,实现了结构和功能的集成。同时,为了研究多功能结构的传热特性,进行了热真空实验,实验测量了热流密度和温度梯度。结果表明这种新型的结构可以消散飞行器多芯片模块产生的热量,碳碳热倍增提供了一种减小温度梯度的新方法,同时这种多功能结构减少了结构的体积,降低了结构的质量。