铺层复合材料风扇叶片榫头元件级静强度试验方法

复合材料风扇叶片需要经过积木式多层级验证才能投入使用,元件级试验是其中重要一环.针对铺层复合材料风扇叶片榫头强度问题,研究了榫头元件级静强度试验方法.搭建了榫头元件级静强度试验平台,完成了榫头元件级试样件及其夹具的设计及制造,提出了数据采集、试验流程和试验结果数据分析方法.试验结果表明:榫头元件试样件的失效模式为层间分...     

变弯度后缘与常规舵面机翼的颤振主动抑制对比

后缘变弯度机翼的气动弹性建模与稳定性分析日益受到关注。为了探究变弯度后缘相比常规偏转舵面机翼颤振主动抑制的方法与特点，以一个小展弦比后缘变弯度机翼为对象，首先建立结构有限元模型，并引入变弯度后缘变形模态和常规舵面偏转模态，采用亚声速偶极子格网法计算非定常气动力；然后使用基于最小状态法的有理函数拟合进行频域到时域模型的转换，建立两种构型机翼的气动弹性模型，并在建模时考虑了变弯度后缘与常规舵面控制带宽的差异；最后利用线性高斯二次型方法设计控制律进行颤振主动抑制，分析对比两种控制方式的特性差异。结果表明：采用变弯度后缘的闭环系统能够将颤振临界速度提高22%，其提升效果优于常规舵面，所需舵面偏转峰值更小。     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

风机叶片断裂原因分析

叶片在安装试运行过程中发生断裂,断裂位置位于叶根附近,通过对故障件的观察、测试与分析,确定了叶片发生低周疲劳断裂的原因是由于生产过程中工艺控制不良,叶片根部局部区域树脂固化不完全,导致该区域的强度、刚度极低,当受到疲劳载荷作用时在结构应力集中区域首先发生分层开裂、扩展直至最终失稳断裂。同时指出固化不完全的原因。     

风扇转子叶片防颤振设计技术

以某两级风扇为对象开展防颤振设计技术研究。风扇转子叶片设计中，选择了合适的展弦比，既考虑到气动性能水平，还考虑到结构质量和颤振稳定性。采用流固耦合能量法评估所设计风扇的各排转子叶片的颤振稳定性问题，并通过叶片厚度、三维造型、根尖弦长比等设计参数的调整消除颤振风险。研究结果表明:展弦比不应是方案设计阶段防颤设计唯一的关注参数；在叶尖跨声速的转速更容易发生颤振现象；较强的叶尖前缘激波会造成较强的流固耦合作用，形成复杂的气动功分布结构；叶片厚度和尖根弦长比等参数是改善叶片颤振风险的有效参数。      

基于叶端定时的转子叶片裂纹监测与诊断

为了实现转子叶片裂纹非接触式监测，提出基于??0范数的叶端定时欠采样信号稀疏重构算法。针对叶端定时信号欠采样问题，建立欠采样信号稀疏表示模型，利用分块正交匹配追踪算法对叶端定时欠采样信号进行分段重构，进而监测在变转速非稳态工况下转子叶片动频的变化情况，据此判断转子叶片是否产生裂纹。针对应变片信号间隔采样的特点，研究基于同步提取变换的时频分析方法，以提高时频图的时频聚集性。开展旋转叶片裂纹扩展试验，同时采用叶端定时和应变片系统测量叶片振动。对比叶端定时和应变片的分析结果，二者均可在裂纹叶片断裂之前至少20min，监测到裂纹叶片和正常叶片的动频发生分离的现象，即裂纹萌生致使叶片动频发生偏移，表明所提出的叶端定时欠采样信号重构方法能够实现转子叶片裂纹的监测与诊断。     

Non-synchronous blade vibration analysis of a transonic fan

This study numerically investigates the aeromechanic behavior of a transonic fan model with a flat tip-leading-edge on the NASA rotor 67 test case. Single-passage unsteady calculations at a near stall operating point of 82% design speed show that the dominant frequencies of mass flow were not the harmonics of the rotor rotational frequency. A full-annulus fluid–structure interaction analysis was subsequently carried out to examine the unsteady flows and their interactions with blade vibrations. The results show that the modal displacement of the backward traveling seventh nodal diameter of the second torsion mode grew exponentially, which reveals that the blade vibration was non-synchronous. The vibration pattern indicates that the aerodynamic mode was resonant with the structural vibration mode. Around the rotor tip, the circumferential vortical propagation induced by interactions among the main flow, tip leakage flow, and tip clearance vortex was the source of aerodynamic excitation. To clarify the mechanism of the non-synchronous vibration, the coupling between aerodynamic disturbance and structural response, i.e., aliasing, was summarized. The frequency spectra of the fluctuating pressure show that an aerodynamic Backward Traveling Wave (BTW) was co-aliased to a structural BTW due to the propagation of the circumferential vortex. The correlation between the frequency and free convective speed of the aerodynamic disturbance determined the directions of aliasing.     

15米翼展太阳能飞机机翼颤振分析和刚度设计

太阳能飞机小刚度和大变形的特点导致其普遍存在颤振问题,因此有必要合理建立太阳能飞机的动力学模型并进行颤振分析。以国内某15米翼展太阳能飞机为研究对象,建立初始的动力学模型,然后根据目标颤振速度调节模型刚度,得到了与目标颤振速度匹配的机翼主梁刚度,从而实现太阳能飞机的动力学反向建模,并在此基础上进行颤振分析,形成完整的太阳能飞机颤振分析设计方法。结果表明:该机翼扭转刚度增大70%,其颤振速度可提高29%。本文方法可用于指导15米太阳能飞机的防颤振设计。     

叶顶间隙偏差对叶片气动性能影响的不确定性研究

在压气机叶片加工过程中，实际加工得到的叶片外形与设计叶型不可避免会存在一些偏差。为研究叶片叶顶间隙尺寸波动对性能的影响，以Rotor37为研究对象，采用三维定常数值模拟方法，基于非嵌入式混沌多项式中二维正态分布变量产生方法，分别对叶片前缘叶顶间隙和尾缘叶顶间隙进行尺寸波动干扰，研究了叶顶间隙不确定性对气动性能和流场的不确定性影响，评估了公差带内叶顶间隙偏差与气动性能变化的相关性，并探究了叶顶间隙变化对叶片稳定裕度的影响机理。研究发现，叶顶间隙偏差对等背压条件下叶片质量流量、等熵效率和总压比的平均水平几乎不会造成影响；叶顶间隙偏差所造成的气动性能分布标准差随工况点向不稳定边界的逼近而逐渐增大。同时，叶顶间隙不确定性会导致样本稳定裕度均值有所降低，不确定性分析中稳定裕度均值相对原型叶片下降了2.42%。流场结构方面，叶顶间隙偏差主要影响80%叶高以上部分流场；叶顶间隙偏差对叶顶区域泄漏流产生的影响，导致了叶片稳定裕度的变化。     

Simulation of the secondary air system of turbofan engines: Insights from 1D-3D modeling

Focusing on the internal flow and heat transfer analysis, a platform for the performance evaluation of the Secondary Air System (SAS) is developed. A multi-fidelity modeling technique has been developed in a turbofan engine model under different flight conditions. A turbine blade cooling model which integrates external heat transfer calculations and coolant side modeling with common components is proposed. In addition, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is selected to capture the complex flow field structure in the preswirl system. The validity of the SAS models is compared with publicly available data. An elaborately designed cooling system for the AGTF30 engine is analyzed through three main branches. It is found that the 1D-3D modeling technique can provide more accurate predictions of the SAS for the AGTF30 engine. The results demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of the SAS models, thereby indicating the capacity of meeting most of the demands of flow and thermal analysis of the SAS.