跨音速低展弦比轴流风扇转子内部流场的数值研究

采用三维雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程程序求解跨音速压气机风扇转子内部流场。这个程序采用有限体积显式时间推进方法求解控制方程,方程自变量选取在控制体顶点,采用简单的Ｈ型网格离散方程,离散后的代数方程用两步Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔａ法进行时间推进求解,使用多重网格和当地时间步长方法加速计算收敛。程序中使用了Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ模型模拟湍流影响。用该方法计算了ＮＡＳＡ６７＃跨音速风扇转子的性能曲线,并重点计算最高效率点工况下内部流场。计算结果与实验结果的比较,证明该法可以用来模拟跨音速风扇转子内部流动。     

“凹槽导流片式”机匣处理的结构尺寸优化研究

针对一种可提高压气机裕度而又不牺牲效率的新型处理机匣,进行了较为系统的几何尺寸优化研究。借助单级轴流压气机实验台,详细地研究了轴向叠合量、容腔尺寸及内置导流片数目对压气机性能的影响,归纳出若干该型处理机匣的设计准则,具有工程实用价值。     

Design and simulation of an innovative cylinder fabricated by selective laser melting

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processing has attracted wide attention due to its advantages, e.g., rapid prototyping and free design. In aeronautic and astronautic engineering, it is especially attractive to apply AM processing, especially Selective Laser Melting (SLM), into primary structures that always occupy most of the whole mass of aircraft or spacecraft. In this paper, an innovative lattice sandwich structure that is suitable to be manufactured with SLM is adopted to design the typical cylinder under axial compression. Firstly, the mechanical properties of pyramidal lattice are investigated, and the bearing capacity of the lattice sandwich cylinder is given analytically for each failure mode. Secondly, a composite cylinder is re-designed in the form of lattice sandwich structure, which sizes are ultimately obtained through optimization. Finally, finite element model of the innovative cylinder is established and several kinds of imperfection are introduced to simulate the defects caused by SLM. Numerical result shows that the lattice sandwich design can obviously enhance the bearing capacity of cylindrical shell even though the original one is designed with composite material. In other words, SLM has great potential in improving the primary structure of spacecraft in the future.     

某型发动机涡轮叶片断裂故障分析

某型航空发动机进行地面开车时涡轮叶片失效。通过对发动机的分解检查,断裂叶片的冶金分

析,确定低压一级涡轮工作叶片为发动机故障的肇事件,其断裂性质为过载断裂;通过对低压一级涡轮工作叶

片和导向叶片等零件间隙的计算分析,加工过程复查、疲劳试验及相关尺寸链计算,并采用故障树法对叶片断

裂原因进行了系统分析,确定低压一级涡轮工作叶片断裂是其与低压一级涡轮导向叶片之间产生轴向碰磨引

起的;该发动机在厂内试车时多次喘振引起一级导向器内机匣和定距半环局部变形,造成低压一级工作叶片与

导向叶片在上缘板处的轴向间隙消失是轴向碰磨产生的原因。针对故障原因,制定了控制气动稳定性检查次

数,控制各级涡轮工作叶片上下缘板端面轴向错移量,改进定距半环,控制定距半环与涡轮机匣安装槽轴向间

隙,试车后检查低压涡轮后轴承外环跑道痕迹宽度等改进措施。

     

Assessment of converting approach to efficient design of micro-turboprop engines

The design, manufacture and experiment of a shaft power unit for converting a micro-turbojet engine to a micro-turboprop in the class of less than 20 kW with the aim of obtaining maximum shaft power were described in this study. For this purpose, a Wren100 micro-turbojet engine was used as the gas generator, and the specifications of its outflow were measured. The optimal configuration of the inter-stage diffuser, which was an annular S-type diffuser, was selected based on its small total pressure drop and outlet flow uniformity. The power turbine was a single stage axial turbine that was designed based on the fixed nozzle angle assumption without any taper or twist in its stator. The turbine rotor was a bladed disk (Blisk) in which its unique blade profiles were designed based on the Wilson method. Subsequently, the shaft power unit was completed by designing and manufacturing an exhaust complex and gearbox. Finally, the micro-turboprop engine was tested with an overloading propeller. The results show a significant increase in the extracted power, an acceptable efficiency of the power turbine, and a significant reduction in the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) compared to other engines that use similar gas generators.     

亚声速轴流压气机叶顶喷气设计规律的试验研究

为了探索叶顶喷气在亚声速轴流压气机中的设计规律,试验研究了喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、周向覆盖比例、喷气位置、喷嘴数目、喷嘴分布形式对压气机失速裕度的影响规律,分析了叶顶喷气的扩稳机理以及对压气机失速特性的影响,总结了叶顶喷气在亚声速和跨声速压气机中作用规律的异同。研究结果表明,叶顶喷气没有改变压气机的失速特性,其扩稳机理主要在于对叶顶堵塞的有效抑制,通道堵塞对叶顶喷气的非定常响应是离散叶顶喷气有效扩稳的重要原因。当喷嘴处于堵塞状态时扩稳效果达到最大,利用0.66%的喷气量可将压气机的失速裕度提升15%。对于压气机失速裕度的影响,喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、喷气周向覆盖比例间存在交互作用,喷气位置、喷嘴周向分布形式和进气畸变对喷气扩稳效果的影响均不大。当压气机的失速均是由叶顶泄漏涡诱发的突尖失速时,叶顶喷气在亚声速压气机中的设计方法可用于指导跨声速压气机叶顶喷气的设计。     

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

Blade bowing effects on radial equilibrium of inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

The circumferentially averaged equation of the inlet flow radial equilibrium in axial compressor was deduced.It indicates that the blade inlet radial pressure gradient is closely related to the radial component of the circumferential fluctuation (CF) source item.Several simplified cascades with/without aerodynamic loading were numerically studied to investigate the effects of blade bowing on the inlet flow radial equilibrium.A data reduction program was conducted to obtain the CF source from three-dimensional (3D) simulation results.Flow parameters at the passage inlet were focused on and each term in the radial equilibrium equation was discussed quantitatively.Results indicate that the inviscid blade force is the inducement of the inlet CF due to geometrical asymmetry.Blade bowing induces variation of the inlet CF,thus changes the radial pressure gradient and leads to flow migration before leading edge (LE) in the cascades.Positive bowing drives the inlet flow to migrate from end walls to mid-span and negative bowing turns it to the reverse direction to build a new equilibrium.In addition,comparative studies indicate that the inlet Mach number and blade loading can efficiently impact the effectiveness of blade bowing on radial equilibrium in compressor design.     

不同T300 级碳纤维轴棒法C/ C 复合材料的导热性能

选取两种国产T300级PAN基碳纤维,轴棒法制备4D预制体,以高温煤沥青为前驱体,采用液相浸渍-炭化以及石墨化相结合的技术制备C/C复合材料(密度≥1.95 g/cm<'3>),研究了C/C复合材料从室温(RT)到800℃的热导率及其影响因素.研究表明,在实验温度范围内C/C复合材料的热导率随温度升高而降低,由于原材料自身特性和预制体编织结构具有方向性,使C/C复合材料的导热性能表现出各向异性,径向热导率明显高于轴向;密度高、开孔率小、石墨化程度高的C/C复合材料由于晶粒间连通状态好,微晶结构趋于完整,材料的热导率增大;以低压热处理为最终处理工艺的C/C复合材料热导率略有提高;采用国产T300级与东丽,1300碳纤维制备的C/C复合材料的热导率相当.     

扁平型外转子混合磁悬浮飞轮动力学分析

针对扁平型外转子磁悬浮飞轮,考虑轴向被动悬浮刚度影响,采用理论模型与数值模拟相结合的方法,对系统静态悬浮和稳定旋转两种工况下的动力学特性进行了研究.结果表明,静态悬浮时,轴向刚度的变化对径向摆动固有频率影响明显,径向刚度的变化主要影响系统径向刚体平动固有频率,振型交换区内系统振型为转子刚体平动与摆动的叠加;稳定旋转时,轴向刚度的变化主要影响低速圆锥涡动频率,径向刚度的变化主要影响圆柱涡动频率.