地月空间星地双向单程测量高精度模型

针对使用星地双向单程测量技术实现给定场景下的地月空间高精度测量问题,建立了地月空间纳秒级星地时差解算模型与米级瞬时距离解算模型,定量分析了模型中各因素的量级,并对模型中收发时延、引力时延、定轨误差和大气延迟等多种因素引入的时差和距离估算误差进行了定量分析。仿真数据的处理结果校验了误差量级理论分析的准确性,时差估算的均方根误差优于7.6ns,瞬时距离估算均方根误差优于2.4 m。建立的模型可以对地月空间星地DOWR测量数据进行高精度处理,实现地月空间高精度时间比对,支持未来中国载人登月等任务及地月空间高精度导航技术。     

单级入轨有翼火箭的气动设计

简单地介绍了单级入轨火箭的可行性；详细地阐述了单级入轨有翼火箭气动设计的基本思想，即以箭身来满足上升段的要求，以机翼来满足再入段的要求。还介绍了美国航空航天局设计单级人轨有翼火箭的气动设计方法─—响应表面法。在此基础上，进一步介绍了根据本文叙述的基本气动设计思想和方法设计出的一种单级人轨火箭的典型外形。最后得到了结论并提出了在我国开展单级入轨火箭预研工作的建议。     

电缆故障在线检测定位装置研究

电缆作为飞机电源系统的重要组成部分,实现电缆故障的在线诊断,可以提高其可靠性。采用扩展频谱时域反射法(SSTDR),基于FPGA技术,设计一种板级速率为500 MHz的飞机电缆故障在线检测和定位装置,并进行实验验证。结果表明:该装置能够实现电缆开路、短路以及间歇性电弧的在线检测和定位,具有定位精度高、实时性好等优点;利用该装置在线监测电缆的健康状态,实现难以复现的间歇性故障的检测,能够提高地面运营、维护效率,节省人力物力,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

国家助学贷款存在的问题及对策分析

国家助学贷款是一个利国利民的好政策,理论上能够实现国家、银行、学校和学生四方共赢。但从1999年推行以来并不顺畅,国家助学贷款也就成为社会热点话题之一。通过比较政府、银行、学校和学生各方的利益、代价和风险,分析出国家助学贷款中存在的问题及成因,最后提出解决问题的对策。     

发动机双发失效空滑策略研究

双发失效是飞机在发动机试飞中可能遇到的最大风险。通过提前规划双发失效后的垂直、水平路径,让飞行机组在遇到双发失效特情时能按照预先规划的路径飞行,遵循最有利的能量使用,减轻机组在特情时的负荷和避免做出不良决策,以期降低双发失效风险带来的影响。     

基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律

针对带有攻击时间和终端攻击角度约束的导弹制导问题,设计了一种基于最优误差动力学的时间角度控制制导律,并给出了明确的性能指标。推导广义最优角度控制制导律作用下的剩余飞行时间估算表达式,在广义最优角度控制制导律的基础上增加攻击时间误差反馈项,将攻击时间误差看做跟踪误差,设计的制导律使跟踪误差以最优模式在有限时间内收敛到零,最终实现攻击时间和终端攻击角度的共同控制。对不同参数下的情况进行仿真,验证了所提制导律的有效性。     

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

基于经验模分解的PPP时间比对数据消噪方法

精密单点定位(PPP)时间比对数据会受到观测噪声的影响,因此对时间比对数据进行消噪是一项重要工作。提出一种基于经验模分解(EMD)的PPP时间比对数据消噪方法,并将该方法与Vondrak滤波方法的消噪效果进行对比。结果表明,两种方法的消噪效果相当,均能有效滤除PPP时间比对数据中的随机噪声,明显改善时间比对的稳定度。     

Imaging of target with complicated motion using ISAR system based on IPHAF-TVA

The technique of imaging a target with a complicated motion using an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) system is an effective tool in the field of radar signal processing. After the translational compensation, the received signal reflected from the target can take the form of a multi-component Polynomial Phase Signal (m-PPS), and the high quality ISAR image can be provided via the combination between the estimated parameters of the m-PPS and the Range Instantaneous-Doppler technique (RID). For a target with a high maneuvrability, the occurrence of scatterers Migration Through Resolution Cell (MTRC), caused by the rotational movement could be appearing. That is why the variation in the amplitude of the echo during the time of observation cannot be neglected. The purpose of this study is the parameters estimation of the m-PPS signal with order three in the case of the Time Varying Amplitude (TVA). The Improved-version of the Product High-order Ambiguity Function (IPHAF) with TVA is proposed to improve the quality of the ISAR image compared with traditional techniques based on a constant amplitude; the experimental outcomes confirm that the new IPHAF-TVA method presented in this study is an effective technique to make the ISAR image very clear.     

球铰接杆式支撑臂展开过程中横向振动分析

针对展开过程中球铰接杆式支撑臂时变构型的横向振动问题,推导了支撑臂等效连续体模型的各向等效刚度,基于Hamilton原理推导了支撑臂展开过程的控制方程,采用加权余量法将偏微分控制方程转化为常微分方程,利用Runge Kutta法对方程进行了数值求解。计算结果表明：在收拢过程中,支撑臂末端的横向振幅越来越小,收拢过程是安全可靠的;而在展开过程中,末端的横向振幅随展开进程而增加,且振幅随末端负载质量增加而增加;若不考虑锁定冲击,展开速度对支撑臂横向振动的振幅影响可忽略,若考虑锁定带来的周期性冲击时,支撑臂的横向振幅将显著增大。为减小支撑臂的横向振动,必须对支撑臂展开速度加以限制。研究结果为航天器支撑臂在轨展开的控制提供了参考。