Investigation of vertical profile of rain microstructure at Ahmedabad in Indian tropical region

The microstructure of rain has been studied with observations using a vertical looking Micro Rain Radar (MRR) at Ahmedabad (23.06°N, 72.62°E), a tropical location in the Indian region. The rain height, derived from the bright band signature of melting layer of radar reflectivity profile, is found to be variable between the heights 4600 m and 5200 m. The change in the nature of rain, classified on the basis of radar reflectivity, is also observed through the MRR. It has been found that there are three types of rain, namely, convective, mixed and stratiform rain, prevailing with different vertical rain microstructures, such as, Drop Size Distribution (DSD), mean drop size, rain rate, liquid water content and average fall speed of the drops at different heights. It is observed that the vertical DSD profile is more inhomogeneous for mixed and stratiform type rain than for convective type rain. It is also found that the large number of drops of size <0.5 mm is present in convective rain whereas in stratiform rain, drops concentration is appreciable up to 1 mm. A comparison of measurements taken by ground based Disdrometer and that from the 200 m level obtained from MRR shows good agreement for rain rate and DSD at smaller rain rate values. The results may be useful for understanding rain structures over this region.     

双路离心喷嘴雾化特性的PDPA实验研究

采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对某型航空发动机双路离心喷嘴的雾化特性进行了实验研究。PDPA可直接测得测点处的喷雾液滴的尺寸分布和速度大小,并据此求出了测点处的索特尔平均直径SMD和液滴的平均速度。在喷雾锥三个横截面上进行了测量,得到了SMD的空间分布,据此得到了喷雾锥的锥角,并与光学照相和计算机图像处理测得喷雾锥角进行了对比。实验结果表明：液滴尺寸随着供油压力的增大而减小,当压力增大到一定程度时,液滴尺寸趋于不变;当主、副油路分别单独工作时,随测量横截面与喷口之间距离Z的增加,SMD减小;在供油压力不变时,同一个测量横截面内,随着径向距离X的增加SMD值变化不大;喷雾锥角基本不随供油压力改变而变化。     

细粒度AP的改性双基推进剂燃速预示模型

在一维气相稳态反应流模型的基础上,讨论了细粒度AP对改性双基(CMDB)推进剂燃速的影响,引入工艺粒度d*s,修正了AP对燃烧表面结构影响因子fAP和分解影响因子gAP,建立了适用于细粒度AP的CMDB推进剂燃速预示模型,该模型可从推进剂化学结构参数出发,定量计算AP-Al-CMDB推进剂的燃速。结果表明:在压强9.8～19.6MPa条件下,不同AP粒度和含量下的燃速计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,大部分误差在5.0%,检验了模型的可靠性,对推进剂配方研制具有较好的指导意义。     

机翼用铝合金材料原始疲劳质量对比

当前航空工业的发展对于超高强铝合金材料的需求十分迫切,实现该材料的国产化并达到良好的质量效果至关重要。为了对中国航空工业中常用的7XXX新型铝合金材料的原始疲劳质量（IFQ）进行评估,选取裂纹萌生时间（TTCI）和当量初始缺陷尺寸（EIFS）作为对比参量,分别对中国飞机机翼用7XXX紧固孔试件和俄系BXXX紧固孔试件开展了低、中、高3种应力水平下的疲劳试验,通过对比分析得到了两种试件在不同应力水平下的TTCI趋于一致,最大仅相差3.71%;得到了每个试件的EIFS,应用疲劳统计学方法验证了两种试件材料各自的EIFS值无显著性差异;提出了一种不同超越概率下的结构细节当量初始缺陷模型,直接有效地对飞机结构细节的质量风险进行了评估;建立并对比分析了两种试件结构细节的通用EIFS分布,结果均小于中国军用手册规定的0.125 mm,且在超越概率为5%时,7XXX材料的通用EIFS值要小于BXXX材料的通用EIFS值。     

幂律型流体雾化SPH方法数值分析

幂律型流体的雾化过程存在复杂的界面运动,用传统网格法很难精确追踪运动界面.为研究幂律型流体的雾化特性,运用SPH方法对典型的双股幂律型流体撞击雾化问题进行三维数值分析.根据文献实验,采用SPH方法模拟获得与实验条件相应的数值结果,对比后表明,二者雾化角相当吻合,数值结果还成功捕捉到液膜向液丝的破碎过程及网状的液丝分布状态,验证了方法的有效性.分析了射流速度和撞击角度对雾化角的影响,得到雾化角随着射流速度和撞击角度的增加而增大;对雾化后的速度场进行数值分析后表明,撞击点附近,惯性力的作用使速度场变化剧烈;在流体远离撞击点的过程中,粘性耗散作用使速度场趋于稳定,但速度大小小于初始撞击速度.     

Research into Configuration and Flow of Wall Oil Film in Bearing Chamber Based on Droplet Size Distribution

The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow state.The analyses of oil droplet movement,mass and momentum transfer during the impingement of droplet/wall,as well as wall oil film thickness and flow velocity are very important for the bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer calculation.An integrated model in combination with droplet movement,droplet/wall impact and film flow analysis is put forward initially based on the consideration of droplet size distribution.The model makes a contribution to provide more practical and feasible technical approach,which is not only for the study of droplet-film interaction and physical behavior in bearing chambers with oil/air two-phase flow phenomena,but also useful for an insight into the essence of physical course through droplet movement and deposition,film formation and flow.The influences of chamber geometries and operating conditions on droplet deposition mass and momentum transfer,and wall film thickness and velocity distribution are discussed.The feasibility of the method by theoretical analysis is also verified by the existing experimental data.The current work is conducive to expose the physical behavior of wall oil film configuration and flow in bearing chamber,and also significant for bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer study under oil/air two-phase flow conditions.     

高密度烃燃料雾化特性试验

采用试验手段研究了高密度烃燃料在直射式喷嘴情况下的雾化规律,采用数字图像处理技术,使用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）对其在横向高温气流中形成的喷雾场进行图像测量和分析。初步研究了气流温度、油压、气压与气流速度对高密度烃燃料雾化特性的影响,以及射流与喷嘴距离对喷雾粒子索太尔平均直径（SMD）的影响。试验结果显示：气流温度和油压的增加有助于提高高密度烃的雾化效果。在研究气流速度对其影响时,要考虑加热气流蒸发产生的影响,在雾化初始阶段速度因素占主导地位,而在下游距离喷嘴50~75mm间的某一位置开始,蒸发因素将起到主要作用。通过数值计算与实验比较,进一步说明了高温气流蒸发作用在颗粒二次雾化中的重要性。研究结果为优化设计高密度烃燃料发动机燃烧室提供依据。     

PVC糊树脂对交联PVC泡沫塑料的影响

通过水煮发泡制备交联聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料,讨论了聚氯乙烯(PVC)糊树脂对泡沫制备过程中经制糊、模压和发泡工艺得到的产物的影响,研究了PVC糊树脂对制备的交联PVC泡沫压缩性能的影响.结果表明:制备交联聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料适宜的糊黏度是4～9 Pa·s;PVC糊树脂的K值较大或水萃取液pH值呈碱性可有效防止模压过程中PVC的降解;PVC糊树脂的水萃取液pH值呈碱性可催化发泡反应,有利于得到低密度泡沫且缩短发泡时间;随着其K值增加,制备的泡沫压缩强度增大,但是K值过大时,制备的泡沫泡孔较大,压缩强度反而降低,适宜的K值为70～80.     

可重复使用飞行器陶瓷瓦热防护系统尺寸优化分析

针对可重复使用飞行器陶瓷瓦热防护系统再入过程中防热和承载问题,结合有限元软件ANSYS建立热分析模型和结构模型,模拟再入过程中陶瓷瓦热防护系统防热和承载作用,预测内部瞬态温度响应。然后利用热模型和结构模型以及ANSYS软件优化模块对陶瓷瓦热防护系统尺寸进行优化,并且对比考虑内部热损耗和不考虑内部热损耗两种情况下的优化结...     

旋转对固体火箭发动机燃烧室燃气流动的影响

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,计算了某管状装药旋转固体火箭发动机在不同旋转速度情况下的燃烧室喷管统一流场,着重分析了不同转速情况下燃烧室内燃气流动的特点,得到了该发动机燃烧室内旋流切向速度沿径向分布趋势以及旋流涡核半径在不同转速情况下的变化特点,对燃烧室前封头局部区域的流场结构也进行了较为细致的分析.