基于四杆机构单元的柔性铰链设计与尺寸优化

针对柔性铰链存在的转动角度小和径向漂移大等问题,进行了大转角和高精度柔性铰链设计。利用四杆机构中曲柄摇杆机构的转角放大特性,以固化的四杆机构为变形模块,通过摇杆的小变形实现铰链的大转角运动。柔性铰链中固化的四杆机构为超静定结构,基于超静定结构理论进行了柔性单元的受力分析,并建立了柔性铰链的刚度模型,实现柔性铰链的分析和设计。根据设计方案选取设计变量,基于理论推导得到刚度建立目标函数,根据性能和几何边界建立约束条件,利用遗传算法对柔性铰链尺寸进行优化,并通过ANSYS进行了特定尺寸下柔性铰链变形和应力分析,验证了优化结果的正确性。     

Design and development of a five-axis machine tool with high accuracy,stiffness and efficiency for aero-engine casing manufacturing

In order to satisfy the machining requirements of aero-engine casing in modern aviation industry, this paper investigates three main issues during the design and development process of a five-axis machine tool with high accuracy, stiffness and efficiency, including whole structure design,key components design, and supporting stiffness design. First, an appropriate structure of five-axis machine tool is determined considering the processing characteristics of aero-engine casing. Then, a dual driv...     

离轨帆弹性桅杆力学性能分析

采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分析弹性桅杆几何参数对其力学性能的影响,为离轨帆弹性桅杆设计提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:增加壳体厚度、保持弧长不变,减小曲率半径以及增大壳体截面圆心角都能有效提高离轨帆自动展开能力及弹性桅杆支撑刚度;弹性桅杆的弯曲内部应力只与材料属性、曲率半径、缠绕半径以及壳体厚度有关;曲率半径减小、壳体厚度增加都会增大弹性桅杆的弯曲内部应力,有可能会导致弹性桅杆在缠绕时发生塑性变形。因此,在对弹性桅杆设计时,需综合考虑弹性桅杆几何参数对其展开能力以及缠绕性能的影响。     

导引头伺服机构消隙齿轮系统动力学特性分析

消隙齿轮广泛应用于导引头伺服机构惯性稳定平台传动系统中，用于消除回程误差，提高传动精度。目前，对消隙齿轮传动系统的动力学分析大多采用数值方法，然而在求解含时变啮合刚度和间隙的强非线性系统时耗时较长。本文利用集中质量法建立考虑时变啮合刚度的消隙齿轮系统动力学模型，通过对模型的无量纲及归一化处理，运用分段的增量谐波平衡法对消隙齿轮传动系统进行分析，并利用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值验证，研究了不同参数对消隙齿轮系统动力学特性的影响规律。结果表明:随扭簧刚度的提高，系统谐振频率也提高，且共振幅值降低;随内部激励的增加、阻尼比的减小，系统由周期运动逐渐变为混沌运动，且共振幅值增大。     

Effect of injection scheme on asymmetric phenomenon in rectangular and circular scramjets

The asymmetric separation has a crucial effect on the performance of the scramjet. In this study, the asymmetric separation and combustion in both rectangular and circular scramjets are investigated numerically, and the effect of injection scheme is analyzed. The characteristics of the flow field are analyzed based on sufficient code verification. In the rectangular scramjet, the separation tends to occur in the corner due to the corner boundary-layer effect. The separation is asymmetric and only two corners have serious separation. The fuel penetration depth in the separation zone increases and the combustion is intensified. When the injection scheme is uniform, both the combustion and separation become weak. In the circular scramjet, the separation and combustion are basically axisymmetric in the scramjet with one-row injection scheme. The asymmetric combustion becomes obvious in cases with multi-row injection scheme. When the injection orifices distribute intensively on the top and bottom sides, the strongest and weakest separations occur near these two sides respectively. When the distribution of orifices becomes uniform, the direction of separation cannot be predicted. For multi-row cases, the nonuniform injection scheme could result in violent combustion and asymmetric flow structures compared with the uniform injection scheme.     

静电负刚度谐振式加速度计的非线性振动特性研究

为了进一步探究微机电系统(MEMS)传感器领域中静电力对非线性振动的影响,以静电负刚度谐振式加速度计(ENSRA)为研究对象进行动力学建模和实验分析.基于哈密顿原理建立了ENSRA机电耦合的非线性振动动力学模型,分析了其高阶非线性刚度的来源,并结合实验现象探究了MEMS传感器中静电力对器件非线性振动的影响,得到了驱动力与静电力对高阶非线性刚度的一般关系.经过开环扫频实验表明,当驱动力从100mV降低到60mV时,非线性振动优化了49％,当调谐电压从10V降低到6V时,非线性振动优化了44％,输出非线性降低了将近4个数量级,器件整体性能大幅提升,有效改善了二阶非线性刚度项导致的谐振器刚度软化和谐振峰的左偏现象.     

空间站梦天实验舱整器动力学分析和试验研究

空间站研制过程中，获取准确的航天器主要动力学特性有重要意义，整器动力学特性测试是研制过程中一项必不可少的大型试验项目。针对空间站梦天实验舱整器动力学问题，通过建立螺栓—法兰局部连接结构的有限元模型，分析接触状态下刚度随外力的变化关系，分别计算拉压特性下的刚度量级，并采用子结构综合方法，依据部件级模态测试结果得到梦天实验舱整器的动力学特性。结果表明:将螺栓法兰连接刚度等效为双线性弹簧，结合子结构综合预示方法，梦天整器动力学特性的预示具有较高精度。通过连接结构的精细化建模和子结构综合预示，只需进行舱段级模态试验，节省了研制经费、缩短了研制周期，可为空间站及其他大型航天器的研制提供指导。     

Pneumatic pressure control based on improved NMPC and its application to aeroengine surge simulation

In the semi-physical simulation of aeroengines, using the pneumatic pressure servo control technology to provide realistic pneumatic excitation to the sensors and electronic controller can improve the confidence of the simulation and reduce the test cost and risk. However, the existing methods could not satisfy the precise simulation of large-amplitude and high-frequency pulsating pressure during aeroengine surge. In this paper, a pneumatic pressure control system with asymmetric groups of the High-Speed on–off Valve (HSV) is designed, and an Improved Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (INMPC) method is proposed. First, the volumetric flow characteristics of HSV are tested and analyzed with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal input. Then, a simplified HSV model with the volume flow characteristic correction is developed. Based on these, an integrated model for the whole system is further established and used as the prediction model in INMPC. To improve the computational speed of the rolling optimization process, the mapping scheme from control signal to PWM duty cycle of HSVs and the objective function with exterior penalty function are designed. Finally, the random step, sinusoidal and real engine surge data are set as the reference pressure in multiple comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the pressure tracking system.     

粗糙表面接触刚度模型的研究进展

航空发动机结构存在许多机械结合面，这些结合面间的接触在微观尺度上是各粗糙峰的接触，而由粗糙峰接触所产生 的接触刚度具有随机性，开展粗糙表面接触刚度模型研究，对有效分析发动机部件和整机结构的动力特性及其稳定性与可靠性至 关重要。主要从统计学和分形理论两方面归纳了粗糙表面接触刚度模型的建模方法。基于统计学的粗糙表面接触刚度模型描述 简单明了，且能极大程度缩短求解过程；利用分形理论所描述的物体形貌特征不受空间的束缚，更接近客观物体的真实属性与状 态。重点对接触刚度的计算过程进行了详细阐述。研究表明，目前粗糙表面接触刚度模型主要采用统计学描述与分形描述的解 析模型，统计学描述接触刚度模型日渐成熟与完善，分形接触刚度模型能定量表达总的接触刚度与粗糙度的关系。但解析模型未 考虑微尺度效应及材料基体变形对微凸体变形的影响，未来对基于纳米级粗糙表面接触刚度模型、考虑基体变形的粗糙表面接触 刚度模型进行研究将具有重要意义，考虑微观接触的宏观接触有限元模型可弥补解析模型的不足，将成为研究热点。