双后掠鸭翼气动特性的数值模拟

首先针对具有中等前缘后掠角梯形鸭翼的缺点提出双后掠鸭翼概念,然后分别对安装梯形鸭翼和双后掠鸭翼的近距耦合鸭式布局的气动性能进行数值模拟研究,分析影响双后掠鸭翼气动性能的流动机理。研究表明：在大迎角时,对于双后掠鸭翼,具有较大前缘后掠角的外翼段可以使鸭翼涡在涡核破裂后仍能形成稳定集中涡并保持较高的强度,增加鸭翼本身的失速迎角,并通过诱导作用改善机翼外翼段流场,进而提高全机大迎角性能,但在小迎角时会破坏鸭翼附着流或前缘气泡涡的发展,造成略微的升力损失。拥有较大失速迎角的双后掠鸭翼在小迎角时具有较大的可用偏度,可以增强布局的抬头控制能力。双后掠鸭翼在满足隐身约束的前提下,超声速阻力较小,具有较好的超声速性能。     

基于三维最小二乘方法的空间直线度误差评定

空间直线度误差是评定机械产品精度的一项重要指标,实际工程中对空间直线度误差评定算法的精度要求越来越高.为了准确评定空间直线度误差,参照国家标准(GB/T 11336—2004),采用三维最小二乘方法建立了空间直线拟合的数学模型,并给出了该数学模型的精确解.基于最小二乘拟合中线,采用空间投影、坐标变换和格点法求得最小二乘中线包容圆柱面直径.采用数值算例验证了新方法的有效性.提出的空间直线度误差评定方法精度高、鲁棒性好且易于编程实现.     

Strong geomagnetic activity forecast by neural networks under dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field

The paper deals with the relation of the southern orientation of the north–south component _Bz$B_z$ of the interplanetary magnetic field to geomagnetic activity (GA) and subsequently a method is suggested of using the found facts to forecast potentially dangerous high GA. We have found that on a day with very high GA hourly averages of _Bz$B_z$ with a negative sign occur at least 16 times in typical cases. Since it is very difficult to estimate the orientation of _Bz$B_z$ in the immediate vicinity of the Earth one day or even a few days in advance, we have suggested using a neural-network model, which assumes the worse of the possibilities to forecast the danger of high GA – the dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The input quantities of the proposed model were information about X-ray flares, type II and IV radio bursts as well as information about coronal mass ejections (CME). In comparing the GA forecasts with observations, we obtain values of the Hanssen–Kuiper skill score ranging from 0.463 to 0.727, which are usual values for similar forecasts of space weather. The proposed model provides forecasts of potentially dangerous high geomagnetic activity should the interplanetary CME (ICME), the originator of geomagnetic storms, hit the Earth under the most unfavorable configuration of cosmic magnetic fields. We cannot know in advance whether the unfavorable configuration is going to occur or not; we just know that it will occur with the probability of 31%.     

The effect of spatial truncation error on variance of gravity anomalies derived from inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data

The spatial truncation error (STE) is a significant systematic error in the integral inversion of satellite gradiometric and orbital data to gravity anomalies at sea level. In order to reduce the effect of STE, a larger area than the desired one is considered in the inversion process, but the anomalies located in its central part are selected as the final results. The STE influences the variance of the results as well because the residual vector, which is contaminated with STE, is used for its estimation. The situation is even more complicated in variance component estimation because of its iterative nature. In this paper, we present a strategy to reduce the effect of STE on the a posteriori   variance factor and the variance components for inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data to gravity anomalies at sea level. The idea is to define two windowing matrices for reducing this error from the estimated residuals and anomalies. Our simulation studies over Fennoscandia show that the differences between the 0.5°×0.5°$0.5°\times 0.5°$ gravity anomalies obtained from orbital data and an existing gravity model have standard deviation (STD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10.9 and 12.1 mGal, respectively, and those obtained from gradiometric data have 7.9 and 10.1 in the same units. In the case that they are combined using windowed variance components the STD and RMSE become 6.1 and 8.4 mGal. Also, the mean value of the estimated RMSE after using the windowed variances is in agreement with the RMSE of the differences between the estimated anomalies and those obtained from the gravity model.     

基于库伦摩擦效应的箔片轴承极限承载力理论与试验

基于有限单元法建立了考虑库伦摩擦的波箔型径向气体箔片轴承的箔片结构模型,采用有限差分法和有限单元法耦合求解Reynolds方程和气膜厚度方程,通过求解轴颈达到极限偏心率时的轴承极限承载力,研究了箔片结构库伦摩擦效应对轴承极限承载力的影响规律,并搭建了轴承极限承载力测试试验台,利用温度法测量了两个具有不同轴承壳内表面粗糙度的波箔型径向气体箔片轴承的轴承极限承载力.通过对比分析仿真结果与试验结果表明:轴承壳圆柱孔内表面粗糙度为0.4μm的轴承在10000r/min和20000r/min下,轴承极限承载力分别为15.5N和42.3N;而表面粗糙度为1.6μm的轴承极限承载力为10.9N和29.6N,这是由于波纹箔片和轴承壳体之间的库伦摩擦力增大了波纹箔片的刚度,因此增大箔片结构摩擦因数使得轴承极限承载力降低,并且仿真结果变化趋势和试验结果变化趋势吻合.      

基于互相关分析的前失速先兆检测分析

针对轴流压气机流动失稳控制中的反馈信号,采用互相关分析方法对前失速先兆信号进行了检测。通过在机匣壁面周向对称布置的动态传感器对压力信号进行检测分析,并在单转子低速轴流压气机上进行了实验研究。实验中分析了不同流量工况时,对称布置动态传感器压力信号互相关系数的变化趋势,并在此基础上对前失速先兆与叶顶间隙泄漏涡非定常性进行了关联性研究;同时也分析了采用叶顶喷气作为控制手段之后,机匣壁面对称布置传感器动态压力信号的互相关系数随着喷气量增加的变化趋势。实验结果表明:互相关检测分析方法能够有效及时地检测到壁面压力锯齿波的破坏程度,有利于提高控制器的响应速度,留给作动机构充足的反应时间。而且叶顶喷气作为控制手段能够提高对称布置传感器动态压力信号的互相关系数,从而实现拓宽稳定裕度的目的。     

飞行器新型碳基复合材料表面高温测量方法

本文针对飞行器新型碳基复合材料表面的高温测量问题,介绍了测量方法、传感器的安装方式、高温胶黏剂技术与工艺,传感器与热防护技术以及试验测试,并归纳了该方法的技术特点。     

考虑旋翼调制影响的直升机RCS特性分析及评估

考虑旋翼调制的影响,建立了适合于直升机全机雷达散射截面(RCS)特性计算的“面元-边缘法”.兼顾计算效率和精度,在外形变化剧烈地区域,网格进行加密处理,并保证电磁网格密度和尺度满足雷达波波长大小的比例关系.以桨盘倾倒方式计入桨叶的挥舞和变距运动,采用准静态法模拟旋翼对全机RCS特性的影响.分析了某直升机RCS极化、姿态、频率响应特性,并根据直升机RCS和雷达探测距离关系,提出了4级预警机制和角域范围.研究表明:旋翼转动时全机RCS动态响应具有连续性和对称性,振荡区散射水平强,RCS幅值为-5~12dB ·m2;奇数片桨叶比偶数片桨叶的RCS减缩2~5dB ·m2,且有利于控制直升机RCS包络线和散射峰值的时域响应,增强雷达隐身性能.      

高速圆柱滚子轴承保持架动力学特性分析

建立了高速圆柱滚子轴承动力学微分方程,采用精细积分法和预估-校正Adams-Bashforth-Moulton多步法相结合的算法,对高速圆柱滚子轴承动力学微分方程进行求解,并对保持架的动力学特性进行了理论分析.结果表明:过大的保持架间隙比不利于保持架稳定运转;在一个套圈固定、另一个套圈工作状态下,保持架引导方式采用旋转套圈引导时,保持架打滑率较低;保持架采用外引导方式时保持架质心运动较为稳定;在内外圈同向旋转且外圈转速高于内圈转速条件下,保持架采用外引导方式时,保持架打滑率较低;在内外圈反向旋转且外圈转速高于内圈转速条件下,保持架质心轨迹变得不规则;保持架采用外引导方式时,保持架打滑率为负值.