某飞行器防热材料力学性能测试与分析

按照飞行过程中的防热层温度变化情况,对某飞行器防热材料进行了不同温度下的弯曲性能测试。测试结果表明,该防热材料在升温和降温过程中,在相同温度点具有明显不同的力学性能。根据材料性能测试结果,用有限元方法进行模拟,进一步得出该材料的弯曲模量与拉伸模量的关系,为防热结构进行有限元分析提供材料性能数据支撑。     

多喷嘴构型的轴对称氢氧加热器设计与仿真

为了使氢氧燃烧加热器满足自由射流试验台工作需要并获得均匀的出口气流参数,采用同轴剪切式7个喷嘴轴对称构型喷注器,利用CFD仿真软件对其进行了三维反应流场计算,燃烧模型采用氢氧单步反应模型,获得了设计工况下的参数.计算结果表明:燃烧效率随着中心喷嘴与外围喷嘴距离L与喷注面板半径R之比(L/R)的增大先上升后下降;喷注面板的温度随着L/R的增大而降低,最终维持在600K左右;加热器出口的氧气摩尔分数以及总温的均匀性基本不随着L/R变化而变化;出口主流区的马赫数在6左右满足设计要求.在各个喷嘴的影响区域大致相等时,加热器综合性能良好.氢氧速度比越大,完全燃烧所需区域越短,喷注面板温度越高.与单喷嘴、19个喷嘴的加热器比较发现7个喷嘴的构型较为合理.      

航空碳纤维树脂基复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲性能

开展了复合材料加筋板轴压稳定性实验,对加筋板的屈曲及后屈曲性能、破坏模式和后屈曲失效表征进行了研究.实验结果表明加筋板在轴压下具有良好后屈曲承载潜能,破坏载荷约为屈曲载荷的2.2倍;其屈曲模式为筋条间蒙皮首先发生屈曲失稳,筋条在整个承载过程中保持直线,起到“屈曲分隔”的作用.通过对加筋板屈曲及后屈曲性能的理论分析,得出的理论屈曲载荷和理论破坏载荷与实验结果相对误差均小于8%,并确定了在后屈曲过程中蒙皮中心挠度的变化规律和轴向载荷的面内分布特征.      

Streamwise-body-force-model for rapid simulation combining internal and external flow fields

A streamwise-body-force-model (SBFM) is developed and applied in the overall flow simulation for the distributed propulsion system, combining internal and external flow fields. In view of axial stage effects, fan or compressor effects could be simplified as body forces along the streamline. These body forces which are functions of local parameters could be added as source terms in Navier-Stokes equations to replace solid boundary conditions of blades and hubs. The val-idation of SBFM with uniform inlet and distortion inlet of compressors shows that pressure perfor-mance characteristics agree well with experimental data. A three-dimensional simulation of the integration configuration, via a blended wing body aircraft with a distributed propulsion system using the SBFM, has been completed. Lift coefficient and drag coefficient agree well with wind tun-nel test results. Results show that to reach the goal of rapid integrated simulation combining inter-nal and external flow fields, the computational fluid dynamics method based on SBFM is reasonable.     

航空复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲力学性能

航空复合材料加筋板由于具有良好的力学性能,广泛地应用于航空结构中。本工作研究了航空复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲力学性能,首先应用工程方法对复合材料加筋板进行压缩稳定性计算,得到加筋板的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷的预估值;其次,开展复合材料加筋板压缩稳定性实验,得到实验件的屈曲及破坏形式、实验件的载荷-应变及载荷-位移关系和实验件的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷。结果表明:采用工程方法得到的计算结果与实验结果较为吻合,屈曲载荷和破坏载荷的误差分别为6.12%和9.31%,合理应用工程方法可以为实验提供较好的指导;加筋板的破坏形式为壁板的分层、鼓包和撕裂、筋条的断裂以及筋条-壁板的脱粘;屈曲比为1.65的复合材料加筋板具有较强的后屈曲承载能力;工程中可充分应用加筋板的后屈曲承载能力提高结构的利用效率。     

浅析TB200型飞机与SR20型飞机的差异

本文以翼型结构、操纵系统、动力系统和仪表布局四个方面为出发点,阐述了TB200型初教飞机和SR20型初教飞机存在的差异,从机型理论和实际应用方面提出建议,以期为差异改装和教学训练提供帮助。     

Protecting Earth-orbiting spacecraft against micro-meteoroid/orbital debris impact damage using composite structural systems and materials: An overview

Spacecraft that are launched to operate in Earth orbit are susceptible to impacts by meteoroids and pieces of orbital debris (MMOD). The effect of a MMOD particle impact on a spacecraft depends on where the impact occurs, the size, composition, and speed of the impacting object, the function of the impacted system. In order to perform a risk analysis for a particular spacecraft under a specific mission profile, it is important to know whether or not the impacting particle (or its remnants) will exit the rear of an impacted spacecraft wall. A variety of different ballistic limit equations (BLEs) have been developed for many different types of structural wall configurations. BLEs can be used to optimize the design of spacecraft wall parameters so that the resulting configuration is able to withstand the anticipated variety of on-orbit high-speed impact scenarios. While the level of effort exerted in studying the response of metallic multi-wall systems to high speed particle impact is quite substantial, the extent of the effort to study composite material and composite structural systems under similar impact conditions has been much more limited. This paper presents an overview of the activities performed to assess the resiliency of composite structures and materials under high speed projectile impact. The activities reviewed will be those that have been aimed at increasing the level of protection afforded to spacecraft operating in the MMOD environment, and more specifically, on those activities performed to mitigate the mechanical and structural effects of an MMOD impact.     

翼尖装置优化设计研究

使用面元法气动分析软件VSAERO对机翼与翼梢小翼组合体模型进行数值模拟,并采用Steve Smith提出的诱导阻力优化方法对翼梢小翼的定位进行优化设计。结果表明,能够有效地预测出翼梢小翼的最优定位,在翼梢小翼优化设计中具有很好的适用性。     

复合材料加筋壁板制造成本的快速估算模型

为了能够在设计阶段早期对复合材料加筋壁板制造成本进行快速估算,提出了一种以结构设计重量为主要驱动因素的制造成本估算模型。该模型的关键是考虑了诸如材料成本比重系数、制造工艺系数、蒙皮形状系数、筋条形状系数、材料利用率系数等合理取值。以某验证试验的试验件制造成本估算为例,估算成本与实际制造成本的偏差为10.8%,说明了采用该方法对复合材料加筋壁板制造成本进行快速估算的结果是可以为设计人员提供决策依据的。     

高阶面元法计算多段翼型之位流

本文给出了一种求解多段翼型位流的高阶面元法。面元和奇点的分布分别采用了二阶和三阶的形式。由于高阶面元法较为精确地反映了绕流体的几何形状和奇点表面分布,本文给出了比低阶面元法更为精确的解,并且消除了低阶面元法计算中经常出现的翼型后缘处解的波动。