基于蒙特卡罗法的航空发动机空气系统稳态算法优化

针对目前航空发动机空气系统稳态算法中收敛性依赖初值的问题,将蒙特卡罗方法与流体网络法综合应用到空气系统可压缩流体一维网络计算中,提出了一种新的计算方法Monte Carlo-Fluid Network（MC-FN）。该方法将空气系统简化为由节点和元件组成的网络,借助蒙特卡罗方法获得空气系统内各节点压力分配,再根据空气系统中各元件流阻特性和换热特性计算流量、温度。计算中通过将游动次数比较少的蒙特卡罗方法的计算结果作为流量残差法节点压力、温度的初始值,实现快速求得精确收敛解。与流量残差算法相比,MC-FN方法计算精度不变,收敛速度提升了66.5%;与线性求解法相比,MC-FN方法的计算精度提升了25.2%,收敛速度提升了43.8%。     

非晶合金转子铁心对再制造电机性能的影响

用铁基非晶合金转子铁心替换原电机中的硅钢转子铁心,基于有限元软件Ansoft分析了非晶转子铁心替换对电机性能的影响。与原电机相比,再制造电机的转矩提升了2.6%,效率提高了0.05%,齿槽转矩幅值大幅增加。采用定子斜槽削弱其齿槽转矩,当斜槽精确为一个齿距时,电机的齿槽转矩幅值为0.128 N·m,相比于未采用斜槽时的再制造电机减小了92.36%,相比于原电机减小了38.46%。     

Detection of aerosol pollution sources during sandstorms in Northwestern China using remote sensed and model simulated data

The present paper has used a comprehensive approach to study atmosphere pollution sources including the study of vertical distribution characteristics, the epicenters of occurrence and transport of atmospheric aerosol in North-West China under intensive dust storm registered in all cities of the region in April 2014. To achieve this goal, the remote sensing data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) as well as model-simulated data, were used, which facilitate tracking the sources, routes, and spatial extent of dust storms. The results of the study have shown strong territory pollution with aerosol during sandstorm. According to ground-based air quality monitoring stations data, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeded 400?μg/m³ and 150?μg/m³, respectively, the ratio PM_2.5/PM₁₀ being within the range of 0.123–0.661. According to MODIS/Terra Collection 6 Level-2 aerosol products data and the Deep Blue algorithm data, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm in the pollution epicenter was within 0.75–1. The vertical distribution of aerosols indicates that the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) 532?nm total attenuates backscatter coefficient ranges from 0.01 to 0.0001?km^?1?×?sr^?1 with the distribution of the main types of aerosols in the troposphere of the region within 0–12.5?km, where the most severe aerosol contamination is observed in the lower troposphere (at 3–6?km). According to satellite sounding and model-simulated data, the sources of pollution are the deserted regions of Northern and Northwestern China.     

进口导叶形式对核心机驱动风扇级的影响

以某变循环发动机(VCE)所用核心机驱动风扇级(CDFS)为研究模型,数值模拟了CDFS在真实边界环境下的流动特性,分析了单/双涵道工作模式下,不同形式的可调进口导叶(IGV)对CDFS流动特性及性能的影响机理。结果表明:不同工作模式时,CDFS靠导叶角度的开闭实现大范围的流量调节。单涵道(SB)工作模式时,不同形式的可调进口导叶(VIGV)对CDFS性能的影响差异很小;双涵道(DB)工作模式时采用常规可调导叶(CIGV)会在其吸力面产生较大的流场分离,且流通能力和流量调节范围大大降低。可变弯度导叶通过可转动部分的开闭实现CDFS对流量调节的需求;通过固定部分保证CDFS导叶进口气流攻角基本不变,同时在固定部分和可转动部分连接处所形成的收缩通道的加速效应显著抑制了导叶吸力面的流动分离。可变弯度导叶是适用于CDFS在不同工作模式下性能参数及流量调节需求的可调导叶的形式。     

民用飞机的大气数据模块功能性分析

目前,国内外对于民用飞机大气数据系统的研究多集中于大气数据计算机和皮托管气动特性方面,而鲜有关于大气数据模块对大气数据系统提供有效数据的研究。为了研究大气数据模块对民用飞机压力管路和数据精度的影响,以机上管路和高度参数建立模型,对大气数据惯性基准系统中大气数据模块的组成结构、工作性能进行分析,得到 CRJ200、G450 和 G550 三种机型的大气测试数据,并找到造成不同误差范围的原因。结果表明：装有大气数据模块的 G450 和 G550 机型能够有效提高飞机的渗漏精度,实时反映民用飞机的大气数据信息;大气数据模块的使用对管道变形、渗漏以及数据精度等问题有重大改善,可为民用飞机大气数据系统设计提供参考。     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

基于“以证代考”模式的高职涉外旅游专业人才核心能力培养探析

改革传统的教学评价手段,注重实操,减少笔试是高职院校一系列教学改革中的重要环节。＂以证代考＂是一种强调实操,体现实际能力的考核方式。本文以导游证为例,在设计、实施、促进能力培养的效果和存在问题等方面做一些探讨。     

空管基础数据分类标准研究

从当前国际、国内军民航各方面,对航空数据标准应用现状进行资料汇集和整理,分析现有技术和标准的局限性,参考国际数据交互标准AIXM,提出我国空管基础数据分类标准和编码规则,为实现全球范围内的航空数据交换奠定基础。     

变循环发动机建模方法研究及验证

研究了变循环发动机(VCE)关键部件建模技术.采用叶尖叶根分段建模技术建立了两段风扇的数学模型,使之更适用于VCE.基于流场分析,建立了活门开度、外涵道进口总压、动压与外涵道总压恢复系数之间的智能映射,完善了外涵道模型.建立了VCE部件共同工作方程,获得了VCE部件级数学模型.基于欧洲空间与推进系统仿真数据库进行设计点计算,并开展了仿真验证.仿真结果表明:建立的数学模型表现出的工作性能与实际发动机实验结果一致,在低马赫数下双外涵道模式推力更大、耗油率更低;相反在高马赫数下单外涵道模式推力及耗油率优于双外涵模式,验证了所采用建模方法的有效性.      

中国民航管制员以考促学模式研究

“民航管制员英语等级测试”并不是最终目的,以考促学,全面提升中国民航管制员整体英语水平才是根本。本文通过相关空管局（站）的试验运行,总结出两种有效的管制员英语学习模式,一是集中培训,以点带面,一是构建平台,自主学习,以期对我国民航管制员英语水平的提高有所帮助。