Detection of aerosol pollution sources during sandstorms in Northwestern China using remote sensed and model simulated data

The present paper has used a comprehensive approach to study atmosphere pollution sources including the study of vertical distribution characteristics, the epicenters of occurrence and transport of atmospheric aerosol in North-West China under intensive dust storm registered in all cities of the region in April 2014. To achieve this goal, the remote sensing data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) as well as model-simulated data, were used, which facilitate tracking the sources, routes, and spatial extent of dust storms. The results of the study have shown strong territory pollution with aerosol during sandstorm. According to ground-based air quality monitoring stations data, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeded 400?μg/m³ and 150?μg/m³, respectively, the ratio PM_2.5/PM₁₀ being within the range of 0.123–0.661. According to MODIS/Terra Collection 6 Level-2 aerosol products data and the Deep Blue algorithm data, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm in the pollution epicenter was within 0.75–1. The vertical distribution of aerosols indicates that the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) 532?nm total attenuates backscatter coefficient ranges from 0.01 to 0.0001?km^?1?×?sr^?1 with the distribution of the main types of aerosols in the troposphere of the region within 0–12.5?km, where the most severe aerosol contamination is observed in the lower troposphere (at 3–6?km). According to satellite sounding and model-simulated data, the sources of pollution are the deserted regions of Northern and Northwestern China.     

民用飞机的大气数据模块功能性分析

目前,国内外对于民用飞机大气数据系统的研究多集中于大气数据计算机和皮托管气动特性方面,而鲜有关于大气数据模块对大气数据系统提供有效数据的研究。为了研究大气数据模块对民用飞机压力管路和数据精度的影响,以机上管路和高度参数建立模型,对大气数据惯性基准系统中大气数据模块的组成结构、工作性能进行分析,得到 CRJ200、G450 和 G550 三种机型的大气测试数据,并找到造成不同误差范围的原因。结果表明：装有大气数据模块的 G450 和 G550 机型能够有效提高飞机的渗漏精度,实时反映民用飞机的大气数据信息;大气数据模块的使用对管道变形、渗漏以及数据精度等问题有重大改善,可为民用飞机大气数据系统设计提供参考。     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

空管基础数据分类标准研究

从当前国际、国内军民航各方面,对航空数据标准应用现状进行资料汇集和整理,分析现有技术和标准的局限性,参考国际数据交互标准AIXM,提出我国空管基础数据分类标准和编码规则,为实现全球范围内的航空数据交换奠定基础。     

中国民航管制员以考促学模式研究

“民航管制员英语等级测试”并不是最终目的,以考促学,全面提升中国民航管制员整体英语水平才是根本。本文通过相关空管局（站）的试验运行,总结出两种有效的管制员英语学习模式,一是集中培训,以点带面,一是构建平台,自主学习,以期对我国民航管制员英语水平的提高有所帮助。     

空管运行质量安全管理手册中“规范性引用文件”的研究

"规范性引用文件"的设定是空管运行质量安全手册编制中非常重要的内容。正确合理地使用"规范性引用文件"能够有效地保持空管运行质量安全手册对民航相关法规、标准、规范的符合性以及与本单位内部管理要求的一致性,确保空管单位的合法、有效运行。     

我国航空运输业产业关联研究

根据投入产出法建立了分析航空运输业产业关联的相关模型,在2007年中国投入产出表的基础上,通过计算和比较航空运输业和其他重要产业部门的直接消耗系数、完全消耗系数、直接分配系数、影响力系数和感应度系数,得出了航空运输业在国民经济各部门中的相对位置,以及对其他产业部门的影响力和制约度。     

基于多目标规划的航空货运舱位存量控制模型

本文通过研究发现代理人与航空公司签订协议时通常倾向于签订市场区域的一揽子协议。针对市场需求的这一特征,航空公司需要考虑在一个区域上协议销售的货运舱位如何在各个代理人之间进行分配。以往收益管理的目标只有一个,即收益最大。但是在实践中,决策者往往要考虑多个目标的实现。由此,本文建立了一个考虑销售收入、销售舱位的数目和客户关系管理这三个指标的多目标规划模型,利用"序贯算法"对模型进行了求解,通过算例分析,验证了模型的有效性,为航空公司货运舱位存量控制提供了一种新的方法。     

基于最小时间的航线选择问题

针对空中航线选择优化问题,分析了空中交通流的特点。结合航班在航线上等待点空中盘旋的情况,考虑从求解空中飞行时间最短的角度,建立了航线网络中航班最小费用流问题的数学模型,给出了求解这种最小费用流的算法。通过航线网络的简单算例,求出了最佳航线以及相应航线流量,说明了模型和算法的具体应用。     

基于大气阻力实时辨识的Drag-free卫星最优控制研究

研究了基于大气阻力实时辨识的Drag-free卫星最优控制。将Drag-free卫星和其内部的验证质量等效为两颗内、外编队卫星并建立动力学方程,推导了基于卫星和验证质量的相对运动状态观测值反演大气阻力的算法。建立了状态最优调节器模型,采用动态规划求解经典的二次型最优控制。对低轨圆轨道Drag-free卫星的仿真计算结果表明方法的求解精度较高,计算消耗较小。