受限混合层的线性稳定性

针对超声速边界层/混合层组合流动,利用可压缩线性稳定性理论研究了流动的线性失稳特性。基本流场选取了具有不同速度特征的两股来流,采用双曲正切的混合层剖面叠加可压缩边界层自相似性解剖面构造。重点考察了混合层中心与壁面距离、对流马赫数等参数对组合流动稳定性特征的影响,其中壁面采用绝热壁面。混合层中心与壁面的距离为5~15倍的边界层厚度,混合层的对流马赫数为0.6~1.2。结果表明:该组合流动中存在独特的多重不稳定模态,并相互影响;且其不稳定模态随着壁面距离及对流马赫数的变化呈现出不同的主导行为。      

下单翼布局飞机不同整流减阻特性研究

下单翼常规布局飞机的机翼机身结合处存在严重的相互干扰,该处的附面层堆积是造成气流分离的主要原因,分离会致使飞机的阻力增加。通过整流将机翼机身结合处的附面层外推,在远前方来流的作用下吹除,通过减小附面层厚度减小阻力;对比分析三种不同整流方案的特点,并进行数值分析。结果表明:本文的三种整流减阻方案能够达到整流减阻的效果,改善了气动性能,可为下单翼常规布局飞机整流减阻提供参考。     

Cr对ZrO2/Ni热障涂层界面结合的影响

热障涂层广泛用于航空、航天领域,涂层与基体的界面结合强弱是决定涂层寿命的一个关键因素.为了提高其使用寿命,必须要求涂层与基体的界面有较好的结合.利用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理离散变分(DV)方法研究了ZrO₂Ni热障涂层界面的能量学和电子结构,讨论了替位型掺杂的Cr在ZrO₂Ni热障涂层界面中的作用.结果表明:Cr容易偏聚于界面处(偏聚能达6.03eV),Cr使得体系结合能增加,体系更稳定,有利于界面的结合;界面处原子电荷占据数和电荷密度计算表明:加入Cr后跨界面方向的电荷密度增加,同时也使得界面内电荷密度增加,这有利于跨界面方向的以及沿界面方向的成键,从而加强了涂层与基体材料的结合.     

高超声速二维钝楔边界层参数分析

为了指导二元高超声速进气道型面设计,基于两类高超声速二维钝楔外形,采用高精度CFD方法计算了四种典型工况下二维钝楔边界层参数,分析了前缘半径、壁面温度、压力梯度对边界层参数的影响,得出了边界层位移厚度、边界层总压恢复及壁面压力梯度沿流向的变化规律。研究表明,前缘半径及壁面温度对边界层参数影响较大,在两者一定的情况下,逆压梯度使边界层位移厚度增速放缓,顺压梯度会使边界层位移厚度快速增长。     

Mechanism of unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil

Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoil are quite different from the case of conventional airfoil for Reynolds number varying from about 10~4to 10~6.In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism,the unsteady flow around a stationary two-dimensional elliptic airfoil with 16%relative thickness has been simulated using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the γ-Reθt transition turbulence model at different angles of attack for flow Reynolds number of 5×10~5.The aerodynamic coefficients and the pressure distribution obtained by computation are in good agreement with experimental data,which indicates that the numerical method works well.Through this study,the mechanism of the unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is analyzed and discussed based on the computational predictions coupled with the wind tunnel results.It is considered that the boundary layer transition at the leading edge and the unsteady flow separation vortices at the trailing edge are the causes of the case.Furthermore,a valuable insight into the physics of how the flow behavior affects the elliptic airfoil’s aerodynamics is provided.     

风扇转子叶片前缘精细维修方案及流动特性分析

以某小型大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇转子作为研究目标,在前缘侵蚀对风扇转子气动特性衰退研究的基础上,开展叶片前缘维修方案的研究。鉴于当前采用人工打磨维修手段引起的前缘气动性能的不确定性,针对侵蚀叶片前缘进行精细参数化控制,利用遗传算法寻求几何约束下的前缘最佳维修优化方案。数值计算结果显示,通过前缘优化设计能够显著地提升前缘侵蚀叶片气动特性。相比于前缘侵蚀叶片,最佳维修方案叶片的等熵效率值在设计点和近喘点附近分别提高了1.21%和3.01%,基本恢复至原始叶片水平,展现出了优秀的气动特性。叶片前缘对于风扇转子叶片吸力面附面层发展影响明显,最佳前缘维修方案能够有效地降低近前缘边界层厚度,降低附面层内部的流动损失。     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

局部贴敷黏弹性阻尼层圆柱壳振动频率与阻尼有限元分析

在引入黏弹性材料复模量模型和考虑圆柱壳弹性边界的基础上,研发了有限元程序来解决考虑频率依赖性的复合圆柱壳振动频率与阻尼的非线性计算问题。创建了一种4节点24自由度复合壳单元来模拟局部贴敷黏弹性阻尼层圆柱壳的力学行为,推导了单元的刚度及质量矩阵。提出由6个弹簧组组成的周向变刚度弹性约束模型来模拟圆柱壳底部的弹性边界条件。确定了复合圆柱壳的动力学有限元方程,并描述了用特征向量增值法求解其振动频率与阻尼的迭代计算过程。对贴敷ZN-1自由阻尼层圆柱壳进行了实例计算,结果表明：该算法的计算结果与实验测试值误差最大为369%,另外黏弹性材料的频率依赖性对复合结构固有频率影响小于001%,而对模态损耗因子影响最大为10947%。     

I界面胶粘剂自动喷涂工艺研究

以中、小型固体发动机Ⅰ界面粘接为背景,研制了一套固体火箭发动机Ⅰ界面胶粘剂自动喷涂装置并开展胶粘剂特性、喷涂工艺参数、质量控制参数等研究。通过相关试验,结果表明,通过选择合理参数进行喷涂,设备工作稳定,粘结性能满足要求。产品质量一致性好、工作效率大大提高,为相关设备研制提供了依据。     

砾漠大风地区铁路路堤风载荷模拟实验研究

利用大气边界层风洞对砾漠大风地区铁路路堤进行风载荷模拟实验研究。实验中较好地满足了相似准则，重现了风区现场实测所获得的大气边界层风特性。通过对模型表面平衡和脉动压力的测量以及对模型附近流场的测量，分析研究了路堤风蚀机理，为采取防风蚀的工程措施提供了科学依据，事实证明模拟实验结果是十分有效的。