铝合金增材制造的发展现状与展望北大核心CSCD

铝合金增材制造凭借着材料自身的轻量化优势以及增材制造工艺在材料利用率和复杂结构制造方面的特点,在航天领域结构件的制造方面受到了广泛关注。本文针对铝合金增材制造在航天领域的应用,通过电弧熔丝、激光选区熔化以及激光送粉三个代表性工艺分析铝合金增材制造技术的研究现状及现存问题,并简要阐述了目前铝合金增材制造技术在航天领域的应用现状和未来的发展方向。     

无强波构型理论发展现状研究

本文引入了一种由Busemann超声速双翼理论发展而来的无强激波构型,该构型可明显消弱超声速飞行时带来的波阻和声爆。文中分析了无强波构型的机理和气动特性,介绍了该构型理论研究和应用研究进展,并探讨了该构型在超声速飞行器设计应用中的关键性问题。该理论为未来低声爆超声速飞机的设计提供了一个全新的思路,是未来超声速/高超声速飞行器发展必要的技术基础。     

混合并联TBCC动力的冲压流道跨声速流动及阻力特性

为了探究跨声速飞行工况下混合并联涡轮基组合循环（Turbo based combine cycle，TBCC）动力的冲压流道在冷通气状态下的流动及阻力特性，构建了一个巡航马赫数为4.0、基于混合并联TBCC动力的高马赫数飞机模型，通过三维定常数值模拟方法研究了其在Ma_∞=0.7~1.6，H_∞=11 km飞行环境下飞机-发动机内/外流动及其耦合特征。计算结果表明：跨声速状态下，冲压进气道入口处气流增压后的静压达到了自由来流滞止压力的85%~90%，气流接近于滞止状态，说明组合进气道存在强烈的节流效应，且冲压通道的喉道是组合进气道节流效应的主要贡献者；冲压发动机尾喷管的排气流动同时受到飞机绕流及涡轮通道排气系统等多方面的干扰，且涡轮通道排气射流对冲压发动机尾喷管气流本身就存在膨胀压缩及排气引射等多种干扰机制。阻力分析表明，压差阻力系数高出内表面摩擦阻力系数2个数量级，是跨声速状态下冲压流道阻力的主要来源；亚声速状态下，进气道阻力占比达到了60%~80%，是冲压流道的主要阻力部件，而Ma_∞>1.0超声速状态下，进气道阻力占比随飞行马赫数的增大而逐步减小，尾喷管的阻力则快速增长，阻力贡献逐渐向尾喷管转移，两者趋于接近。     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.