增材制造技术的研究应用进展:由3D到4D北大核心CSCD

增材制造技术是一种逐点、逐线、逐面增加材料而形成三维复杂结构零件的近净成形工艺,3D打印技术日渐成熟,其所制备出的产品组织结构致密、性能稳定。近年来,学者们将增材制造技术应用于智能材料的打印,实现该技术由空间维度到时间维度的扩展。本文重点介绍了3D打印与4D打印的研究现状与发展前景,以期为从事该领域的工作人员提供借鉴。     

“北斗+5G”联合定位与误差校正技术

在边坡、城市峡谷、高架等复杂的公路交通定位环境中，存在海量多样的定位需求与复杂的定位环境，北斗信号穿越建筑空间时强度被削弱，产生严重的信号反射和衍射，使得北斗卫星信号难以到达和有效使用，系统可用率下降，无法提供可靠的定位服务。结合第五代移动通信网络（5G）系统高密度部署的特点，提出了一种北斗+5G联合定位模型以及基于最小二乘残差Helmert后验加权的误差校正方法。在复杂公路交通环境中，可以改善可见卫星数少的问题，优化卫星的几何构型，提高用户终端定位精度，能够为用户终端提供高精度、全天候、连续、实时的定位服务。实验表明，北斗+5G联合定位模型能够大幅提升复杂公路交通环境下的定位性能。     

基于iSIGHT的大膨胀比5.0级向心涡轮多目标优化与分析

针对轻量化、紧凑化、高效化的向心叶轮设计需求，对5.0大膨胀比向心涡轮进行三维多目标优化。首先，基于iSIGHT，集成Numeca，CFX软件及自编程序，搭建了三维气动优化集成系统，实现向心涡轮流道、叶片的参数化、网格划分、数值计算及三维结果的自动处理与优化，且其所需的存储空间仅为原优化系统的2.4%，极大地降低了对计算机存储空间的要求；其次，针对向心叶轮造型参数众多所导致的优化规模巨大问题，采用试验设计方法（DOE）详细地开展了流道、叶片的控制参数对涡轮性能的影响研究，得到造型参数对涡轮效率的贡献度，继而给出了优化变量的选取依据，从102个造型参数中选取23个作为优化变量，减少了优化的盲目性，缩短了优化时长，极大地减轻了工作量，提高了优化效率；最后，考虑涡轮性能、排气损失以及叶轮轻量紧凑化的需求，以涡轮总对静效率η_ts，级出口气流角α₆及叶片的表面积A作为优化目标，采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行多目标优化并探讨相应机理。优化后，叶轮的轴向长度缩短了8.09%，叶片的表面积减小了8.46%，有效降低了叶轮的尺寸及重量；在保持涡轮进口流函数和膨胀比基本不变的情况下，设计点涡轮总对静效率提高了0.1%，级出口绝对气流角仅降低1°，且不同转速下涡轮的性能基本保持不变。以上研究表明，该三维优化系统和多目标优化方法的有效性。     

FY-3D 中分辨率成像仪图像地理定位误差来源分析

以风云三号D星（FY-3D）中分辨率成像仪（MERSI）的图像地理定位为背景，针对现阶段FY-3D图像与海岸线匹配时误差表现为周期性振荡的现象，从卫星轨道和姿态控制的角度出发，分析了当前卫星运行策略对图像地理定位精度的影响。首先，建立了当前FY-3D卫星动力学模型和成像模型；然后，以FY-3D/MERSI真实遥感图像为基础，分析姿轨控分系统对遥感图像周期性定位造成的误差；最后，通过对比数值仿真结果与真实图像数据，对来自姿轨控分系统的图像定位误差来源进行了验证。研究表明，姿轨控分系统的轨道、姿态预报误差以及载荷安装误差都会导致成像基准产生偏差，进而使图像的地理定位误差呈现周期性振荡现象。     

中空复合材料压缩性能及有限元分析

对"X"形的中空复合材料的压缩性能进行测试,并根据其结构参数建立模型,使用ANSYS Workbench软件对建立出的模型进行静力学数值模拟分析,拟合出其压缩力学性能曲线,对比数值模拟结果与实验数据。结果表明:该复合材料压缩时芯材主要承受压缩载荷作用,更容易发生破坏,5 mm压缩变形时,最大压缩应力为475.25 MPa,最大压缩应变为3.9785%;建立出的复合材料结构模型压缩性能模拟结果与实验测试结果基本吻合,误差比例仅为(8.73±2.92)%,证明该模型具有一定的准确性。     

溢流槽对二元高超声速进气道性能的影响研究

首先对澳大利亚HyShot计划进气道模型进行了数值模拟，得到了设计状态及非设计状态下的流场特征，以及进气道性能随来流马赫数的变化规律。根据分析，提出了在二元高超声速进气道内压段开设溢流槽的设计思路，设计了工作马赫数4.0～6.0范围的二元高超声速进气道，并给出了通过抬高或降低原设计槽口高度得到的两种新的开槽方案进气道的物理模型。通过数值模拟，结果表明：溢流槽有效改善了进气道的性能，拓宽了进气道的工作范围，槽口高度的不同对进气道性能有相当大的影响。     

前驱体法制备Ta4HfC5超纯超细纳米粉体

利用实验室自制铪酸酯和钽酸酯为原料,经水解缩合后得到了含铪钽元素的聚合物PHT,引入酚醛(PF)作为C源,制备了Ta_4HfC_5前驱体,经固化、高温裂解后,获得了超纯超细Ta_4HfC_5纳米粉体。通过XRD、元素分析和SEM对不同工艺条件下陶瓷产物的晶相组成和微观形貌进行了表征;对陶瓷粉体进行了粒度分析。结果表明,合成的前驱体结构稳定,常温避光储存3个月后黏度几乎没有变化,对于复材加工的工艺适应性良好。在酚醛用量3.25 wt%(以PHT质量分数100%计算)、煅烧温度为1 450℃、保温时间为1.5 h的合成条件下,可以得到纯相的Ta_4HfC_5粉体,晶粒尺寸为25～50 nm,粒径分布在100～200 nm之间,Dv(50)=136 nm。     

Effect of the continental shelf in seasonal oceanographic conditions at the Northern edge of the Eastern Tropical Pacific

The continental shelf in front of Nayarit is located in the northern limit of the tropical Eastern Pacific, characterized by constituting a convergence zone of different masses of water, forming an area of significant hydrographic variability. Based on satellite remote sensing data and reanalysis between 2003 and 2019 of sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress, Ekman velocity, and geostrophic velocity, the contribution of the seasonal cycle to the variability of the study area were analyzed through climatological means, Hovmöhler diagrams, and Empirical Orthogonal Functions. The results show that in the zone in front of Matanchén Bay (21.5 °N) and the adjacent continental shelf, there is a core of warm surface water. The distribution of the SST is explained by the seasonal pattern of meridional/zonal variability in the thermal gradient, where the EOFs show the influence of the annual scale in both modes, with the only difference being that the first describes the meridional gradient as the dominant signal (66.2%), and the second shows the zonal behavior of the thermal gradient (16.6%). The summer weakening of the wind stress and Ekman speed is the product of the irregular shape of the coastline, the extension of the continental shelf, and the divergence of the North American monsoon around 21°N, whereas during the rest of the year an intensification of these parameters prevailed in front of Cabo Corrientes. On the other hand, the intense geostrophic flow in summer does not contribute to the increase in SST on the continental shelf because it diverges around 22.5°N. Likewise, during the winter, the formation of a cyclonic geostrophic gyre located inside the continental shelf, between the coast and the Marías Islands, stands out.     

Multi-scale simulation model of air system based on cross-dimensional data transmission method

The Secondary Air System (SAS) plays an important role in the safe operation and performance of aeroengines. The traditional 1D-3D coupling method loses information when used for secondary air systems, which affects the calculation accuracy. In this paper, a Cross-dimensional Data Transmission method (CDT) from 3D to 1D is proposed by introducing flow field uniformity into the data transmission. First, a uniformity index was established to quantify the flow field parameter distribution characteristics, and a uniformity index prediction model based on the locally weighted regression method (Lowess) was established to quickly obtain the flow field information. Then, an information selection criterion in 3D to 1D data transmission was established based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the uniformity index and the accuracy of coupling calculation, and the calculation method was automatically determined according to the established criterion. Finally, a modified function was obtained by fitting the ratio of the 3D mass-average parameters to the analytical solution, which are then used to modify the selected parameters at the 1D-3D interface. Taking a typical disk cavity air system as an example, the results show that the calculation accuracy of the CDT method is greatly improved by a relative 53.88% compared with the traditional 1D-3D coupling method. Furthermore, the CDT method achieves a speedup of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to the 3D calculation.     

基于单目视觉的三维重构相机技术研究

针对飞行器执行在轨服务获取空间多维图像的需求，提出了基于单目视觉的三维重构相机技术，利用基于亮度法体素着色原理实现空间目标的三维重构。搭建地面试验，设计模拟圆轨道和椭圆轨道多种试验，验证了在200 m范围内伴飞状态下,实现对目标的高分辨率三维重构图像，重构精度为0.105 m，为识别空间目标特征部位奠定技术基础。