迅速发展的热障涂层

本文介绍了热障涂层（ＴＢＣ）技术的发展、应用及其寿命预测，并就在航空工业的推广应用提出了几点建议。     

EB-PVD热障涂层对激光打孔孔径及热循环后孔径变化影响的研究

 在试样上用激光打了不同孔径、不同方向的冷却孔,采用电子束物理气相沉积( EB-PVD) 的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆MCrAlY粘接层和ZrO₂陶瓷层,观察和计算其孔径大小变化;然后对试样进行了热循环处理,以比较热循环前后的孔径变化。初步实验结果表明:激光打孔的入射角,对孔径变化影响不大;原始孔径增大,施以涂层后其相对变化就较小,采用EB-PVD 的方法在已打孔的试样上涂覆ZrO₂陶瓷层后其孔径比原始孔径至少减少了15 %;在热循环试验前后,绝大部分孔径变化较小,而其总趋势是由大变小,孔径减少约5 %左右。     

基于云纹干涉法与钻孔法的等离子热障涂层残余应力实验

应用云纹干涉法与钻孔法结合的光测力学实验方法,研究了等离子热障涂层基体材料镍基高温合金DZ125的残余应力.通过实验和计算获得了等离子喷涂工艺下基体DZ125的残余变形场、残余应变场和残余应力,并描述了其主要特征.结果表明,采用云纹干涉法与钻孔法结合测定热障涂层残余应力具有全场测量和高灵敏度等优点,这对于采用光学手段研...     

Failure of EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Subjected to Thermo-Mechanical Loading

Thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） were developed to protect metallic blades and vanes working in turbo-engines. The two-layered structure TBCs, consisting of NiCoCrAlY bond coat and yttria stabilized zirconia （YSZ）, were deposited on a cylinder of superalloy substrate by the electron beam-physical vapor deposition （EB-PVD）. The failure mechanism of the TBCs was investigated with a thermo-mechanical fatigue testing system under the service condition similar to that for turbine blades. Non-destructive evaluation of the coated specimens was conducted through the impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the crack initiation mainly takes place on the top coat at the edge of the heated zones.     

某机Ⅰ级涡轮叶片电子束物理气相沉积工艺

叙述了电子束物理气相沉积设备（UE－205）的主要技术指标，在该设备上通过工艺试验，成功地对某机I级涡轮叶片施加一层约200μm厚的热障涂层（CoCrAly ZrO2)；经装机试车考核，该热障涂层的性能达到国外同类产品的技术水平。     

高温氧化对EB-PVD热障涂层内部应力场分布影响的数值模拟

针对电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)热障涂层(TBCs)复杂结构的特点,选用Walker黏塑性本构模型实现对其高温力学行为的准确描述.选择具有叶片曲率特征的圆管试样,并借鉴实际发动机载荷特征进行数值分析.重点考虑EB-PVD热障涂层界面的形状以及热生长氧化层(TGO)厚度变化对应力场的影响.计算结果表明,直线型界面对EB-PVD热障涂层结构的应力场改变不大,而余弦界面对EB-PVD热障涂层的应力场改变的幅度可达2倍之多;热生长氧化层的出现导致陶瓷层界面处的应力绝对值增加;无论是循环至最高温度1 050℃还是冷却到100℃时,界面波谷始终受径向压应力,此处不易形成损伤,而波峰处的应力比较大,且其应力状态是损伤容易形成的部位,可以认为是陶瓷层失效与破坏的危险点.     

基于柱状结构的热障涂层隔热性能数值研究

基于四参数随机生长方法和热阻网络方法开发了涂层微结构构建和隔热性能分析软件,构建了各向异性孔隙结构的柱状涂层微结构,着重研究了柱状孔隙大小、数量和细长化对柱状涂层有效导热系数和隔热性能的影响。结果表明:提高涂层的孔隙率是增强涂层隔热性能的有效途径;孔隙率一定时,随着柱状孔隙直径减小,其隔热性能增强,并且结构更加稳定;孔隙率一定时,随着柱状孔隙细长化,其隔热性能在一定程度上会有所减弱,但其稳态导热温度分布更加均匀,结构更加稳定。     

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

热障涂层应力与失效机理若干关键问题的研究进展与评述

综述了热障涂层应力数值模拟类研究的现状。在此基础上,总结归纳了数值模拟类研究的三个关键性问题:热生长氧化物、材料非线性特性、涂层应力状态与失效机理的内在联系。分别探讨了热生长氧化物的生成对于涂层系统内部应力以及失效模式的影响;涂层蠕变特性对于涂层系统内应力的缓解机制;对比分析了APS/EB-PVD两种不同制备方法所制备的热障涂层的失效模式,总结归纳了涂层系统应力状态与其失效机理的内在联系。最后,探讨了当前传统8YSZ热障涂层的发展瓶颈,明确了未来热障涂层的发展将落在探索新型低热导率隔热材料、探索合理的热障涂层体系两个方面。着重介绍了新型双陶瓷层热障涂层,总结了双陶瓷层热障涂层几个重要的研究问题。对于研究新型热障涂层的应力状态及其失效行为、优化涂层结构,有限元数值模拟仍是一种重要的研究手段。