大直径铝合金铆钉以铆代螺可行性试验研究

针对双层铝合金板铆接结构,通过电磁铆接工艺试验,分析Φ10mm-2A10铝合金铆钉镦头的微观组织,与钢质螺栓连接接头对比评价了铆接接头的力学性能。研究发现,随放电电压的增加,铆钉镦头直径逐渐增加、高度逐渐降低。铆钉镦头以绝热剪切为主要变形模式。铆接接头的最大剪切和拉脱载荷分别为23.3k N和35.0k N,均高于钢质螺栓连接接头,并且相对于螺接接头可减重15.8%。     

空间激光通信系统中的信道纠错编码技术

由于空间激光通信系统的信道状态和链路捕获跟踪的不确定性,多种形式的信道纠错编码技术正被广泛发展研究。结合空间激光通信链路中误码性能的主要影响因素,分别选择合适的编码方案进行分析。通过仿真实验可知,对于在大气结构参数为1.5×10~(-14) m~(-2/3)、风速为20 m/s的空地激光链路的环境下,在系统数据速率为2 Gbit/s、要求误码率为10~(-6)时,LDPC码结合交织码相对未编码系统有3 dB的等效编码增益,LT码相对未编码系统有3.8 dB的等效编码增益。提供了一种能快速生成、扩展和校验的编码和交织实现方法,以抵抗大气湍流的快速变化对系统性能产生的影响。     

基于数据包络分析的民航发动机维修效果评价

对民航发动机维修效果进行评价可以为发动机承修厂的选择提供决策支持,同时有助于发现发动机承修厂的潜在问题。为了实现发动机维修效果的评价,首先提出了评价指标选择的原则,在此基础上给出了发动机维修效果评价指标体系,建立了基于数据包络分析的C2WH模型的发动机维修效果评价模型,并对模型的构建过程进行了描述。针对决策单元输入输出...     

Multi-state autonomous drilling for lunar exploration

Due to the lack of information of subsurface lunar regolith stratification which varies along depth, the drilling device may encounter lunar soil and lunar rock randomly in the drilling process. To meet the load safety requirements of unmanned sampling mission under limited orbital resources, the control strategy of autonomous drilling should adapt to the indeterminable lunar environments. Based on the analysis of two types of typical drilling media (i.e., lunar soil and lunar rock), this paper proposes a multi-state control strategy for autonomous lunar drilling. To represent the working circumstances in the lunar subsurface and reduce the complexity of the control algo-rithm, lunar drilling process was categorized into three drilling states:the interface detection, initi-ation of drilling parameters for recognition and drilling medium recognition. Support vector machine (SVM) and continuous wavelet transform were employed for the online recognition of dril-ling media and interface, respectively. Finite state machine was utilized to control the transition among different drilling states. To verify the effectiveness of the multi-state control strategy, drilling experiments were implemented with multi-layered drilling media constructed by lunar soil simulant and lunar rock simulant. The results reveal that the multi-state control method is capable of detect-ing drilling state variation and adjusting drilling parameters timely under vibration interferences. The multi-state control method provides a feasible reference for the control of extraterrestrial autonomous drilling.     

空间模拟碎片释放装置技术方案

为配合空间碎片主动清除技术的演示验证试验,提出了一种空间模拟碎片释放装置的技术方案:由模拟碎片及分离解锁装置组成。模拟碎片不具备任何合作特征,最初通过压紧杆与分离解锁装置相连,释放时由火工切割器切断压紧杆,模拟碎片在压缩弹簧的驱动下与分离解锁装置分离。最后,通过静载、模态、运动特性分析及分离解锁试验验证了该释放装置设计的正确性。     

PWM低速爬行状态系统波动分析

脉宽调制技术（PWM）在自动控制领域有着广泛的应用。然而，在实际工程应用的过程中，包含PWM的系统在低速驱动的条件下难以达到高精度速度指标的要求。在工程实践经验的基础上，对这一问题进行详细分析，提出PWM的截断效应和移频效应引起波动的理论，并结合典型的机电伺服系统模型进行仿真，完成仿真层面的验证。仿真结果展示了机电伺服系统在低转速状态下由于PWM的截断效应引起转速波动的现象，契合了实际系统中表现的情况，验证了截断效应和移频效应的正确性，为提高系统精度指标提供了依据。     

单推力航天器交会对接轨迹规划及跟踪控制

针对单推力航天器交会对接问题，提出一种轨迹规划及跟踪算法。首先，考虑到追踪航天器只沿本体X轴安装推力器，且推力方向固定，为了实现从起始位置转移至期望位置并满足姿态要求，基于三维螺旋线设计两阶段转移轨迹，根据初末位置以及末端速度方向要求，求解螺旋线参数。该螺旋线可以保证在初末速度方向固定情况下，曲率积分最小。其次，为了降低轨迹跟踪难度并减小初始时刻的位置跟踪控制力，需要将转移轨迹初始速度与追踪星X轴重合。传统螺旋线无法满足该约束条件。本文对传统螺旋线进行改进，提出一种旋转螺旋线轨迹设计方法。通过引入姿态旋转矩阵，将螺旋线在三维空间旋转，在不改变曲线形状的前提下满足初末位置及速度方向要求。然后，为了跟踪转移轨迹以及跟踪期望推力方向，提出基于CLF（Control Lyapunov Function）的滑模控制策略，当追踪星X轴与期望推力方向夹角较大时，采用CLF，保证最优性；当姿态误差收敛至滑模面附近时，切换为滑模控制，以提升系统鲁棒性。最后，通过仿真验证旋转螺旋线相比于传统螺旋线的优势。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

地球同步轨道薄膜太阳帆的姿态轨道控制方法

薄膜太阳帆（FSS）是集推进、发电和姿轨控功能于一体化的超大型挠性太阳帆式航天器，通过调整薄膜反射率产生可变推力和力矩，实现其姿态和轨道运动控制。结合薄膜太阳帆在地球同步轨道运行时的受力特性进行了轨道漂移分析。通过建立薄膜太阳帆动力学模型及受力模型，提出了调整帆面角度轨道修正方法以及基于薄膜光压力矩角动量卸载的长期在轨对日定向面内双轴动量轮稳定控制方法。通过系统仿真验证表明所提的轨道修正和对日定向控制方法是合理有效的，可使薄膜太阳帆长期在定点位置维持对日定向。     

通信拓扑切换下的多飞行器协同拦截方法

针对通信拓扑切换条件下的多飞行器协同拦截问题，提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的协同制导方法。建立协同制导设计模型，将协同拦截问题转换为视线稳定条件下的剩余飞行时间调节问题。为解决机动目标状态不确定的问题，将目标的状态视作扰动，设计扩张状态观测器来估计机动目标的状态，并在制导律中对目标的机动进行补偿。利用有限时间一致性理论进行一致性控制协议的设计，实现各飞行器剩余飞行时间的有限时间一致，并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析通信拓扑切换情况下闭环系统的有限时间稳定性，给出了系统一致收敛时间。仿真结果表明，在通信拓扑变换的情况下，设计的观测器能够有效估计目标状态，且协同制导律能够满足对剩余飞行时间的控制要求，进而实现协同拦截。