空基助推段拦截中制导律设计

给出了一种目标可用信息较少情况下的空基助推段拦截中制导律设计方法。该方法首先结合空基助推段拦截的特点,根据平行接近法的思想,将纵向平面内的中制导律设计问题转化成为如何控制惯性坐标系下纵向平面内弹目相对高度差趋于零并保持住的问题,并且建立了相应的输入-输出模型;其次,采用自抗扰控制器对因目标可用信息较少而导致的模型中的不确定项进行估计和补偿,求得所需的指令过载,并在自抗扰控制器设计过程中,说明了一些参数的调节方法;最后,通过仿真验证了文中制导律的可行性。     

飞机着陆过程中提高气动性能的一种新方法

为了提高飞机在着陆过程中的气动性能,提出了一种新方法:将翼型上翼面的一段表面设计为活动部分。当飞机进入着陆阶段的较大迎角时,通过活动部分在上翼面形成一个台阶产生稳定的驻涡,再联合Gurney襟翼,达到同时提高翼型的升力、失速迎角及增加翼型阻力的目的。在NACA2415翼型上对上述方法进行了验证。结果表明,翼型最大升力系数从原始翼型的1.548 232提高到2.160 687,最大升力系数所对应的迎角可以从原始翼型的17°提高到20°。可见,所提出的新方法对提高飞机的着陆性能是有效的。     

Global aerodynamic design optimization based on data dimensionality reduction

In aerodynamic optimization, global optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are preferred in many cases because of their advantage on reaching global optimum. However, for complex problems in which large number of design variables are needed, the computational cost becomes prohibitive, and thus original global optimization strategies are required. To address this need, data dimensionality reduction method is combined with global optimization methods, thus forming a new global optimization system, aiming to improve the efficiency of conventional global optimization. The new optimization system involves applying Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in dimensionality reduction of design space while maintaining the generality of original design space. Besides, an acceleration approach for samples calculation in surrogate modeling is applied to reduce the computational time while providing sufficient accuracy. The optimizations of a transonic airfoil RAE2822 and the transonic wing ONERA M6 are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new optimization system. In both cases, we manage to reduce the number of design variables from 20 to 10 and from 42 to 20 respectively. The new design optimization system converges faster and it takes 1/3 of the total time of traditional optimization to converge to a better design, thus significantly reducing the overall optimization time and improving the efficiency of conventional global design optimization method.     

Newton–Euler equations of multibody systems with changing structures for space applications

Multibody systems with changing structure are considered. These systems have stages in their motion that distinct from each other by degree of freedom (DOF), joint connection structure and joint types. These mechanical systems are common in space application e.g. separation subsystems. Single coordinate set is used to formulate Newton–Euler equations of motion at each stage. Proposed equation form simplifies equations building process for certain stages and whole motion. Numerical experiment was carried out using proposed method.     

未老化NEPE推进剂/衬层粘接试件拉伸失效模式研究

采用原位拉伸扫描电镜观测不同温度下NEPE推进剂/衬层粘接界面裂纹扩展规律,得出不同温度下裂纹产生位置均出现在推进剂和衬层连接处,且裂纹的扩展存在相互竞争关系;粘接性能较好时,粘接界面的好坏主要取决于推进剂/衬层界面附近推进剂性能。重点考察了会引起推进剂"脱湿"的HMX界面,利用纳米压痕仪及动态力学实验,得出当推进剂中含NPBA时,HMX周围存在一高模量层,且该高模量层的动态储能模量与温度呈反向关系。该高模量层的存在或消失会引起推进剂在宏观性能上发生变化,进而影响推进剂/衬层试件宏观力学性能。     

Particle simulation of grid system for krypton ion thrusters

The transport processes of plasmas in grid systems of krypton (Kr) ion thrusters at different acceleration voltages were simulated with a 3D-PIC model, and the result was compared with xenon (Xe) ion thrusters. The variation of the screen grid transparency, the accelerator grid current ratio and the divergence loss were explored. It is found that the screen grid transparency increases with the acceleration voltage and decreases with the beam current, while the accelerator grid current ratio and divergence loss decrease first and then increase with the beam current. This result is the same with Xe ion thrusters. Simulation results also show that Kr ion thrusters have more advantages than Xe ion thrusters, such as higher screen grid transparency, smaller accelerator grid current ratio, larger cut-off current threshold, and better divergence loss characteristic. These advantages mean that Kr ion thrusters have the ability of operating in a wide range of current. Through comprehensive analyses, it can be concluded that using Kr as propellant is very suitable for a multi-mode ion thruster design.     

运载火箭姿态系统自适应神经网络容错控制

针对运载火箭姿态系统跟踪问题,考虑干扰、执行器故障和模型不确定因素的影响,设计了一种基于自适应神经网络的非线性容错控制律。该控制算法结合了连续的终端滑模控制,径向基神经网络和自适应控制方法。首先,基于滑模控制理论,设计了一种快速终端滑模面,保证系统跟踪误差能够在有限时间收敛至零。然后,在终端滑模面基础上,提出了一种基于自适应径向基神经网络估计的终端滑模控制律。利用自适应参数的神经网络逼近系统参数并提高抗干扰性能,采用平滑连续控制策略消除了终端滑模中的颤动现象。通过李雅普诺夫的分析方法证明了闭环系统的收敛性和全局稳定性。采用数值仿真,验证了提出的基于自适应径向基神经网络的终端滑模控制律具有较好的跟踪性能和精度。     

不同转速下自循环机匣处理对转子性能的影响

以NASA Rotor 37为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法研究了自循环机匣处理的引气位置在不同转速下对转子性能的影响。研究结果表明:自循环机匣处理的引气位置和转子转速对转子性能的影响具有交互性,其本质原因在于转子在不同转速下处于近失速状态时,转子叶顶区域的流动状态不同,从而造成引气位置和叶顶堵塞区域的相对位置会随着转子转速的变化而变化,进而对转子的性能影响呈现出交互性。通过对三种转速下自循环机匣处理的引气位置对转子稳定性的影响分析知,引气位置位于转子叶顶堵塞区尾缘处时对转子叶顶区的流动堵塞抑制能力最强,极大地改善了转子叶顶区域的流通状况,对转子的失速裕度改进量最为有利,在100%、90%和70%设计转速下,失速裕度改进量的最大值分别为7.46%、8.52%、6.14%。此外,通过对转子叶顶的流场细节分析得知,不同转速下自循环机匣处理的引气位置位于转子近失速工况的叶顶堵塞区尾缘处时，在叶顶造成的高比熵区最少,对转子效率的降低幅度最小,于效率最为有利。      

两种含铝复合推进剂压强耦合响应的实验对比

基于T型燃烧器双脉冲外部激励的方法,对2种含铝HTPB复合固体推进剂开展对比实验研究,分析比较其压强耦合响应特性的差异。在7 MPa条件下成功地开展了4次试验,获得了2种推进剂在T型燃烧器中的衰减常数和燃面增益常数。结果表明,由于推进剂配方中AP粒径分布存在差异,这2种推进剂的压强耦合响应常数存在差别。其中小粒径AP含量较多的推进剂更易产生不稳定燃烧现象。这一实验现象与发动机真实工作情况的表现是一致的。2种推进剂的凝相燃烧产物在发动机中的行为也表现出较大差异。     

超窄带滤光片光谱特性测试与修正

超窄带滤光片在闪电探测等领域有重要应用,其带通区域中心波长的准确性、光谱带宽和带外抑制等光谱特性对闪电探测仪的成像性能具有决定性影响,通过测试准确获得超窄带滤光片的光谱特性是闪电探测仪研制过程质量(quality)控制的重要环节。文章分析了使用分光光度计测试超窄带滤光片光谱特性时存在的问题,提出了一种基于平行光路的超窄带滤光片光谱特性检测方法,并对该检测方法中所采用的测试装置进行了介绍,通过仿真试验分析了测试装置以不同带宽进行测试对测试精度的影响,进一步提出了基于逆滤波原理的测试数据修正方法,解决了常规测试方法应用于超窄带滤光片光谱特性测试时存在的信噪比低、角漂误差大、波长定位精度低和带宽修正困难等问题。