基于T-S 模糊FTA 与仿真的舱盖机构故障诊断方法

针对高空舱舱盖机构系统故障源与故障程度难以判定以及故障特征值难以提取的问题,提出了基于T-S模糊故障树分析与仿真相结合的故障诊断方法。将T-S模型引入到舱盖机构不同步的典型故障分析中,用模糊可能性描述部件的故障概率;用T-S门来描述事件间的联系;用模糊数描述部件的故障程度,结合模型仿真模拟故障分析,获取部件发生故障时对顶事件的贡献或重要度,计算出顶事件发生故障的模糊可能性及其诊断决策。为高空舱舱盖机构的故障诊断和维修保养提供参考。     

Real-time modular dynamic modeling for compression system of altitude ground test facilities

Modeling of a centrifugal compressor is of great significance to surge characteristics and fluid dynamics in the Altitude Ground Test Facilities (AGTF). Real-time Modular Dynamic System Greitzer (MDSG) modeling for dynamic response and simulation of the compression system is introduced. The centrifugal compressor, pipeline network, and valve are divided into pressure output type and mass flow output type for module modeling, and the two types of components alternate when the system is established. The pressure loss and thermodynamics of the system are considered. An air supply compression system of AGTF is modeled and simulated by the MDSG model. The simulation results of mass flow, pressure, and temperature are compared with the experimental results, and the error is less than 5%, which demonstrates the reliability, practicability, and universality of the MDSG model.     

Control of squealer-tip leakage flow with perforated-rib coolant injection in an axial turbine cascade

A novel perforated-rib configuration is proposed for controlling the tip leakage flow at the rotor tip of an axial turbine. Three perforated-rib layouts are considered, wherein a perforated rib is installed at (A) the Suction-Side squealer (SS-rib), (B) the Pressure-Side squealer (PS-rib), and (C) the additional squealer along the blade Camber Line (CL-rib). A numerical method is used to show how the novel rib layouts affect the aerodynamic performance of the tip leakage flow. Results show that the coolant jets issuing from the perforated-rib injection holes penetrate deeper into the tip clearance than those in the baseline squealer-tip case, and how the perforated-rib coolant injection affects the tip leakage flow depends strongly on the rib layout. The PS-rib and CL-rib layouts appear promising for controlling the tip leakage flow, playing a significant role in reducing the total pressure loss and improving the turbine blade’s isentropic efficiency. In particular, under an injection mass flow ratio of 1% and a tip clearance of 1% blade span, the PS-rib layout reduces the leakage mass flow rate by 27% and increases the isentropic efficiency by 1.25% compared with those in the baseline squealer-tip case. Meanwhile, the advantages of the PS-rib layout in tip leakage control are confirmed under small and large tip clearances.     

叶尖定时技术在转子叶片故障排除中的应用

介绍了基于叶尖定时的非接触振动测试系统的基本原理和数据分析方法，并将之应用于某型航空发动机压气机第5级转子叶片掉块故障分析。通过优化传感器的轴向分布和周向布局，分别测量3类叶片（原型、优化和削角）前缘和尾缘位置高阶振动信息，包括共振转速、频率和幅值。分别对比原型、优化叶片的前缘和尾缘测试结果，每类叶片的前缘和尾缘位置的共振幅值基本一致；对比3类叶片的前缘位置振动参数，优化叶片的共振转速较原型叶片有所增加，削角叶片的共振转速较优化叶片有所增加；对比原型、优化叶片尾缘位置振动参数，优化叶片的共振转速较原型叶片有所增加。可以判断:原型叶片发生疲劳断裂主要原因是其在工作转速4200 r/min出现高阶模态共振现象；优化叶片的共振转速较原型叶片增加40～80 r/min，叶片故障率降低，而削角叶片的共振转速较原型叶片增加140～180 r/min，且对应尾缘位置削角，可以排除叶片掉块故障。      

基于第二动力技术的TBCC综合能源展望

飞行器电能、液压能和气压能的功率需求由第二动力系统单独做功或提取发动机主轴功率供应。TBCC发动机模态转换后,第二动力系统无法从发动机主轴提取功率。因此,需要解决空天飞行器第二动力系统长时间大功率能量输出的问题。分析航空蓄电池、起动发电机、APU、GTS、ATS和RAT的技术特点、发展现状以及第二动力的发展趋势,结合高超声速飞行器的发展趋势,提出ATS/RAT组合和多电超导发动机/大比能的储能装置技术组合是实现空天高超声速飞行器综合能源的技术路线。     

Simulation of the secondary air system of turbofan engines: Insights from 1D-3D modeling

Focusing on the internal flow and heat transfer analysis, a platform for the performance evaluation of the Secondary Air System (SAS) is developed. A multi-fidelity modeling technique has been developed in a turbofan engine model under different flight conditions. A turbine blade cooling model which integrates external heat transfer calculations and coolant side modeling with common components is proposed. In addition, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is selected to capture the complex flow field structure in the preswirl system. The validity of the SAS models is compared with publicly available data. An elaborately designed cooling system for the AGTF30 engine is analyzed through three main branches. It is found that the 1D-3D modeling technique can provide more accurate predictions of the SAS for the AGTF30 engine. The results demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of the SAS models, thereby indicating the capacity of meeting most of the demands of flow and thermal analysis of the SAS.     

并联式TBCC单边膨胀组合喷管安装及结构设计研究

针对单边膨胀组合喷管（Single expansion ramp nozzle，SERN）不规则几何结构设计难题，以提高SERN结构刚度、强度为目标，从安装布局方案以及承力结构拓扑优化两个方面开展设计工作，分析了不同位置安装节点对载荷分布、关键位置变形的影响，基于拓扑优化方法，建立了SERN部件级结构概念设计方法和流程，实现了SERN的结构设计。研究结果表明：新增辅助侧拉杆能减小关键位置的变形，同时往左上方移动侧拉杆、右上方移动辅助安装节以及左下方移动主安装节有利于关键位置变形控制和各安装节点载荷的合理分布；优化后的安装方案相比初步安装方案，最大关键位置变形下降了83%，主安装节最大载荷下降了35%，辅助安装节最大载荷下降了55%。设计的SERN结构随TBCC发动机完成了高马赫数模态转换试验，试验后结构状态良好，验证了设计的合理性。     

航空发动机涡轮叶片晶体测温技术研究

针对航空发动机涡轮叶片温度测量的技术难题,介绍了1种晶体测温传感器的技术特点与技术优势。结合晶体测温技术的工作原理简述了测温晶体的制造方法,论述了测温晶体的安装、拆除工艺和标定试验方法,并利用测温晶体测量了涡轮叶片表面温度。结果表明:测温晶体在发动机内流高温、高压、高速燃气流的冲击下和叶片高速旋转的工况下附着牢靠,未出现脱落的情况,试验成活率为100%,获取到了精确测点的温度值,是解决航空发动机涡轮叶片等热端部件特殊位置表面温度测量的1种方法。