引入压力梯度的针对角区分离流动的Spalart-Allmaras模型的改进

针对Spalart-Allmaras（S-A）模型在角区分离计算中的问题,将无量纲的压力梯度引入其涡黏性输运方程的生成项,得到了改进的S-A模型.通过对两套含角区分离的低速压气机叶栅进行验证计算发现:与实验结果相比,原始S-A模型所得的分离区偏大,分离区内壁面压力偏低;而改进模型得到了与实验一致的分离区尺寸以及吸力面、压力面压力系数分布等结果.针对S-A模型涡黏性生成项和耗散项的分析表明:引入的无量纲压力梯度有效的识别了角区分离,在分离区内改变了涡黏性的生成、耗散关系,增大了涡黏性,从而缩小了计算所得分离区,同时在主流区保留了原始S-A模型的计算结果,进而带来了良好的改进效果.      

煤基喷气燃料代用组分神经网络混合构建方法

为了建立航空燃料的喷雾模型,用于高保真液雾燃烧数值模拟,提出了基于人工神经网络混合模型的煤基喷气燃料代用组分构建方法.基于这一构建方法,重点针对煤基喷气燃料的雾化特性,利用多组分混合燃料的理化性质数据库对神经网络进行训练,获得了混合燃料理化性质隐式预测模型,结合随机投点优化方法,构建出能够很好地模拟煤基喷气燃料目标理化性质的代用组分.结果表明:该代用组分包含了5种碳氢化合物成分,摩尔分数为11.46%正癸烷、23.29%正十二烷、49.87%正十四烷、6.66%异辛烷和8.72%甲基环己烷.通过雾化特性实验,验证了代用组分对真实燃料雾化性能的模拟效果.该代用组分构建方法可以较好地解决混合燃料模拟过程中的非线性问题,通过改变目标理化性质可构建出相应代用组分.      

Experimental investigations of the spray structure and interactions between sectors of a double-swirl low-emission combustor

In this paper, the spray characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor are analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technologies in an optical three-sector combustor test rig. Interactions between sectors and the influence of main stage swirl intensity on spray structure are explained. The results illustrate that the swirl intensity has great effect on the flow field and spray structure. The spray cone angle is bigger when the swirl number is 0.7, 0.9 than that when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel distribution zone is larger and the distribution is more uniform when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel concentration in the center area of the center plane of side sector (Plane 5) is larger than that of the center plane of middle sector (Plane 1). The spray cone angle in Plane 5 is larger than that in Plane 1. The width of spray cone becomes larger with the increase of Fuel–Air Ratio (FAR), whereas the spray cone angle under different fuel–air ratios are absolutely the same. The results of the mechanism of spray organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

Research on hypersonic aircraft using pre-cooled turbojet engines

Systems analysis of a Mach 5 class hypersonic aircraft is performed. The aircraft can fly across the Pacific Ocean in 2 h. A multidisciplinary optimization program for aerodynamics, structure, propulsion, and trajectory is used in the analysis. The result of each element model is improved using higher accuracy analysis tools. The aerodynamic performance of the hypersonic aircraft is examined through hypersonic wind tunnel tests. A thermal management system based on the data of the wind tunnel tests is proposed. A pre-cooled turbojet engine is adopted as the propulsion system for the hypersonic aircraft. The engine can be operated continuously from take-off to Mach 5. This engine uses a pre-cooling cycle using cryogenic liquid hydrogen. The high temperature inlet air of hypersonic flight would be cooled by the same liquid hydrogen used as fuel. The engine is tested under sea level static conditions. The engine is installed on a flight test vehicle. Both liquid hydrogen fuel and gaseous hydrogen fuel are supplied to the engine from a tank and cylinders installed within the vehicle. The designed operation of major components of the engine is confirmed. A large amount of liquid hydrogen is supplied to the pre-cooler in order to make its performance sufficient for Mach 5 flight. Thus, fuel rich combustion is adopted at the afterburner. The experiments are carried out under the conditions that the engine is mounted upon an experimental airframe with both set up either horizontally or vertically. As a result, the operating procedure of the pre-cooled turbojet engine is demonstrated.     

小攻角高超声速钝锥边界层内扰动演化的数值模拟

首先从有限差分格式出发,给出了基本无振荡的高阶激波捕捉格式,然后,采用数值模拟方法对马赫数为6的2°攻角高超声速钝锥边界层的稳定性进行了研究。计算发现,由于攻角的存在,钝锥的稳定性特征与零攻角时有本质的差别,比如背风面的扰动比迎风面增长更快,但扰动增长最慢的地方并不是迎风面,而是侧面的某个位置;又比如背风面主要是长波起作用,迎风面和侧面主要是短波起作用;斜模式不稳定在整个钝锥边界层中起最主要作用。     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

涡扇发动机故障诊断硬件在回路实时仿真平台

硬件在回路仿真是发动机故障诊断算法由理论转向实际工程应用的重要阶段,但目前航空发动机故障诊断算法的研究多数处于软件数字仿真阶段。构建民用涡扇发动机故障诊断算法硬件在回路实时仿真验证平台,开发考虑健康退化的民用涡扇发动机多维调度分段线性化模型,分析并模拟仿真民用涡扇发动机的四类典型常见故障。经过对相关诊断算法进行实验验证,表明该平台及使用的模型和方法都是行之有效的,具有一定的工程使用价值。     

Carbon dioxide removal system for closed loop atmosphere revitalization,candidate sorbents screening and test results

Due to the difficulty and expense it costs to resupply manned-spacecraft habitats, a goal is to create a closed loop atmosphere revitalization system, in which precious commodities such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water are continuously recycled. Our aim is to test other sorbents for their capacity for future spacecraft missions, such as on the Orion spacecraft, or possibly lunar or Mars mission habitats to see if they would be better than the zeolite sorbents on the 4-bed molecular sieve. Some of the materials being tested are currently used for other industry applications. Studying these sorbents for their specific spacecraft application is different from that for applications on earth because in space, there are certain power, mass, and volume limitations that are not as critical on Earth. In manned-spaceflight missions, the sorbents are exposed to a much lower volume fraction of CO₂ (0.6% volume CO₂) than on Earth.LiLSX was tested for its CO₂ capacity in an atmosphere like that of the ISS. Breakthrough tests were run to establish the capacities of these materials at a partial pressure of CO₂ that is seen on the ISS. This paper discusses experimental results from benchmark materials, such as results previously obtained from tests on Grade 522, and the forementioned candidate materials for the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) system.     

Development of hall thruster propulsion system for STSAT-3 application

Science and technology satellite-3 (STSAT-3) is being developed and is scheduled for launch in 2011. One of the primary objectives of its mission is to verify the performance of a hall thruster propulsion system (HPS) that uses xenon gas. According to its major functions, the HPS can be divided into several sub-modules. This paper presents the development and qualification of the hall effect thruster propulsion subsystem that includes a xenon feed system (XFS). The xenon feed system regulates the pressure down from the xenon propellant tank and supplies the xenon flows to the anode and cathode. The technology and xenon feed system developed for the STSAT-3 spacecraft will also be applicable to a variety of future electronic propulsion systems and micro-satellites. Details related to the overall development and performance results of the HPS are presented in this paper.     

PR状态方程在超临界喷射模型中的应用

针对超临界流体物性的特殊性,对超临界喷射数值模拟方法进行研究。基于PR状态方程建立了考虑超临界流体特点的超临界喷射数值模型,并采用该模型对超临界C10H22喷射到超临界N2环境中的喷射进行了数值模拟。对比研究了采用PR状态方程的真实气体模型和理想气体模型得出的密度、温度、质量分数分布以及超临界喷射长度和喷射扩张角的变化规律和差异性,并与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种模型在物性预测上的差异会造成以上喷射特性模拟结果的巨大差异,理想气体模型模拟结果与试验数据误差很大,利用真实气体模型能够得到与试验数据较为吻合的结果。基于PR状态方程的超临界喷射数值模型准确可靠,可为碳氢燃料的超临界喷射现象提供参考。