动叶弯和掠对压气机效率非定常波动的影响

对一单级跨声压气机设计工况下采用了3种弯、掠动叶后的非定常流场分别进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对级效率非定常波动的影响.研究结果表明:非定常计算条件下,动叶弯、掠后的压气机效率仍然获得大幅提高,并且效率的波动幅值同原型压气机相比明显降低,同时动叶改型前后的效率和压比的非定常波动曲线的相位发生了偏差;弯、掠动叶降低了压气机顶部和根部的分离损失,也使根部和顶部的效率波动显著降低.      

Instrument study of the Lunar Dust eXplorer (LDX) for a lunar lander mission

One of the highest-priority issues for a future human or robotic lunar exploration is the lunar dust. This problem should be studied in depth in order to develop an environment model for a future lunar exploration. A future ESA lunar lander mission requires the measurement of dust transport phenomena above the lunar surface. Here, we describe an instrument design concept to measure slow and fast moving charged lunar dust which is based on the principle of charge induction. LDX has a low mass and measures the speed and trajectory of individual dust particles with sizes below one micrometer. Furthermore, LDX has an impact ionization target to monitor the interplanetary dust background. The sensor consists of three planes of segmented grid electrodes and each electrode is connected to an individual charge sensitive amplifier. Numerical signals were computed using the Coulomb software package. The LDX sensitive area is approximately 400 cm². Our simulations reveal trajectory uncertainties of better than 2° with an absolute position accuracy of better than 2 mm.     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.     

涡轮叶片叶顶间隙变化减敏研究

采用数值方法联合标准k-ω两方程湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组,研究了平顶和分别采用被动、主动以及复合间隙控制方法的凹槽顶、平顶喷气、凹槽顶喷气4种不同叶顶结构下涡轮性能对叶顶间隙变化的敏感性,分析了间隙变化对间隙流场结构及损失的影响,研究了涡轮性能随叶顶间隙变化的规律,并对采用不同间隙控制方法的叶顶结构所带来的效率收益对攻角变化敏感性进行了评估.结果表明:在不同间隙控制方法下叶顶泄漏涡强度随间隙的增加速度变缓,尤其在复合间隙控制方法下更为明显,从而使得在复合间隙控制方法下涡轮性能对间隙变化的敏感度最低;仅仅涡轮叶片前缘区域泄漏流动对攻角变化比较敏感,使得凹槽顶结构具有最佳的攻角变化适应性.      

二元外压式进气道侧板对流场影响

为研究二元外压式进气道侧板对流场影响,采用FLUENT软件计算了有、无侧板两种方案进气道三维流场,通过对比可知安装侧板的进气道性能显著高于不安装侧板进气道性能.在此基础上,计算了有侧板进气道在来流马赫数为2.0～3.0之间的性能特性,与进气道二维流场计算结果相比,进气道三维流场中压缩气体越过侧板溢流使进气道性能下降.通过分析不同来流马赫数下溢流流动,得出了侧板溢流对进气道流场影响规律.      

跨声压气机动叶弯、掠对静叶静压脉动的影响

对一单级跨声压气机采用了三种弯、掠动叶后设计工况下的非定常流场分别进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对下游静叶表面静压非定常脉动的影响.研究结果表明:三种弯、掠动叶都减轻了静叶前缘顶部和根部的静压脉动,使静叶前缘所受到的静压扰动沿径向分布更为均匀,尤其是弯掠动叶的作用最为明显;除去叶片前缘区域,三种弯、掠动叶对下游静叶的顶部压力面和吸力面的扰动都有所减弱,仍然以弯掠动叶的作用最为显著,而在静叶的中部和根部前缘区域之外的表面,动叶的弯、掠对压力扰动的影响不明显.      

气泡对无阀微泵动态特性影响的实验研究

采用高速摄像机拍摄了收缩管/扩张管型无阀压电微泵泵腔中气泡的变化,包括进入、移动、合并和分离等过程。同时,采用压阻式微型压力传感器测试无阀压电微泵泵腔的压力脉动。实验结果表明气泡进入泵腔之后,流体有效体积弹性模量和无阀微泵压力脉动幅值明显减少,气泡的进入使无阀微泵的工作性能大大降低,甚至导致微泵无法正常工作;而气泡移动、合并和分离对流体有效体积弹性模量和微泵的动态特性影响较小。     

基于新的数值积分粒子滤波的机载无源定位算法

针对机载无源定位这一多维非线性滤波问题,提出一种新的用3阶数值积分卡尔曼滤波算法来产生重要性密度函数的粒子滤波算法。新算法采用球形和径向数值积分规则选取积分点和确定相应的权值,得出的积分点数仅为状态维数的二倍,大幅的减少了计算量,较好地解决了求积分卡尔曼粒子滤波算法（Quadrature Kalman Particle Filter, QPF）在高维滤波时存在计算量大的问题;而且通过设定比例因子使得所产生的重要性密度函数在系统状态转移概率密度的基础上,融入最新的观测值,增加了粒子的多样性,提高了对系统状态后验概率的逼近程度。仿真结果表明：新算法在稳定性和定位精度上与QPF相当,但计算时间仅约为QPF的15%。     

Aeroelastic stability analysis of a bird-damaged aeroengine fan assembly

Bird strike is a major consideration when designing fan blades for large-diameter aeroengines. Current methods rely on impact tests and structural optimisation but it is highly desirable to have predictive numerical models to assess the aerodynamic and aeroelastic stability of bird-damaged fan assemblies. The aim of this paper is to present such a methodology and to study a representative case. The particular fan assembly under investigation contained two consecutive blades with unequal impact damage, the so-called heavy-damage and medium-damage blades. A detailed finite element analysis of the dynamic behaviour revealed that the vibration modes were significantly different from those of the tuned assembly. The twin modes were found to be split into single modes, some with highly distorted modeshapes, the so-called rogue modes. A nonlinear viscous flow analysis revealed truly unsteady effects and time-accurate aeroelasticity analyses with vibratory blade motion were undertaken to investigate the flutter stability. The computational domain included both a whole-annulus fan assembly and an intake duct and the resulting mesh contained approximately 2,200,000 grid points. The investigation was conducted for two points on the compressor characteristic, the first one corresponding to higher mass flow/lower pressure ratio and the second one to lower mass flow/higher pressure ratio. At the higher mass flow point, the flow separation was restricted to the immediate surrounding passages and the forcing onto the downstream blades was relatively small. However, a rotating stall event was observed for the lower mass flow point and the subsequent unsteady aerodynamic forces on the blade were high. At both mass flow settings, the flutter stability of the damaged fan assembly was predicted to be worse than that of the undamaged reference assembly.     

混合数据及未知权值下的维修策略决策方法

采用模糊偏好规划法从模糊成对比较集中求取各属性的权值,然后应用基于随机优势和模糊数质心距的ELECTREⅢ方法来对备选维修策略进行排序,以确定最佳的维修策略.最后将其应用到航空发动机的维修策略决策中.结果表明,提出的方法能有效地解决混合数据及未知权值下的维修策略决策问题.