太阳电池阵的铰链副刚度参数识别

为正确识别太阳电池阵铰链副的刚度参数,用形状简单、建模相对容易的有机玻璃板列阵不同状态下模态试验结果估计待识别参数的初始值,通过线性化目标函数,将参数识别归为易求解的数学规划问题,最终直接用商用有限元分析程序和数学软件实现参数识别。识别结果表明,理论计算值与试验结果基本吻合。     

Helicopter aeroelastic analysis with spatially uncertain rotor blade properties

This paper investigates the effects of spatially uncertain material properties on the aeroelastic response predictions (e.g., rotating frequencies, vibratory loads, etc.) of composite helicopter rotor. Initially, the spatial uncertainty is modeled as discrete random variables along the blade span and uncertainty analysis is performed with direct Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). Uncertainty effects on the rotating frequencies vary with the higher-order modes in a non-linear way. Each modal frequency is found to be more sensitive to the uncertainty at certain sections of the rotor blade than uncertainty at other sections. Uncertainty effects on the vibratory hub load predictions are studied in the next stage. To reduce the computational expense of stochastic aeroelastic analysis, a high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) method is developed to approximate the aeroelastic response as functions of blade stiffness properties which are modeled as random fields. Karhunen–Loève expansion and a lower-order expansion are used to represent the input and outputs, respectively, in the HDMR formulation which is similar to the spectral stochastic finite element method. The proposed method involves the approximation of the system response with lower-dimensional HDMR, the response surface generation of HDMR component functions, and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed approach decouples the computationally expensive aeroelastic simulations and uncertainty analysis. MCS, performed with computationally less expensive HDMR models, shows that spatial uncertainty has considerable influence on the vibratory hub load predictions.     

Performance prediction and optimization for liquid rocket engine nozzle

An optimization approach, based on computational fluid dynamics methodology, is investigated for the performance prediction and optimization of liquid rocket engine nozzle. The CFD code employs implicit Lower-Upper decomposition (LU) scheme for solving the two-dimensional axisymmetric Navier–Stokes (NS) equations and species transport equations in an efficient manner. The validity of the code is demonstrated by comparing the numerical calculations with both the experimental data and previous calculations. Then the code, called by three optimization algorithms (i.e. successive quadratic programming method, genetic algorithm and interdigitation strategy) respectively, is used to design axisymmetric optimum-thrust nozzle. Results show that improvement on nozzle thrust can be obtained over that of the baseline case.     

Study on passive momentum exchange landing gear using two-dimensional analysis

This paper discusses a landing response control system based on the momentum exchange principle for planetary exploration spacecraft. In the past, landing gear systems with cantilever designs that incorporate honeycomb materials to dissipate shock energy through plastic deformation have been used, but once tested before launch, the system cannot be used in a real mission. The sky crane system used for the Mars Science Laboratory by NASA can achieve a safe and precise landing, but it is highly complex. This paper introduces a momentum exchange impact damper (MEID) that absorbs the controlled object׳s momentum with extra masses called damper masses. The MEID is reusable, which makes it easy to ensure the landing gear׳s reliability. In this system, only passive elements such as springs are needed. A single-axis (SA) model has already been used to verify the effectiveness of MEIDs through simulations and experiments measuring the rebound height of the spacecraft. However, the SA model cannot address the rotational motion and tipping of the spacecraft. This paper presents a two-landing-gear-system (TLGS) model in which multiple MEIDs are equipped for two-dimensional analysis. Unlike in the authors׳ previous studies, in this study each MEID is launched when the corresponding landing gear lands and the MEIDs do not contain active actuators. This mechanism can be used to realize advanced control specifications, and it is simply compared with previous mechanisms including actuators, in which all of the MEIDs are launched simultaneously. If each MEID works when the corresponding gear lands, the rebound height of each gear can be minimized, and tipping can be prevented, as demonstrated by the results of our simulations.     

Response of a pentagonal PZT element as a component of a 4π-real-time detector

The detector characteristics of a pentagonal element were studied by colliding it with hypervelocity micro-particles. A charge-sensitive amplifier was developed for the element of its capacitance ∼10 nF. The output amplitudes were expressed as a linear function of the momentum at collision. Empirical formulas obtained from on-ground experiments could be used for the calibration of the detector. The pentagonal element was potential to measure the momentum during collision from the output amplitude. A set of electrodes on the surface was used to confirm the measurement of the coordinates at collision. A possible application of this pentagonal element on a real-time dust detector was discussed.     

Comment on ‘Stability and chaos of a damped satellite partially filled with liquid’ [Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 1628–1638]

In the commented paper the authors consider a model for a damped satellite partially filled with liquid. They claim to prove the existence of Sil'nikov homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits using the undetermined coefficient method. It is enough to read their Theorem 3 to understand that their results are incorrect: according to it, if the equilibria are saddle-foci the existence of Sil'nikov homoclinic and heteroclinic connections is guaranteed. As we show along this comment, their conclusions are erroneous because the form of the function they assume for the global connections is incongruous.     

Structure design and mechanical measurement of inflatable antenna

This paper deals with the initial shape analysis, cutting-pattern analysis, surface accuracy measurement and modal testing of high-precision inflatable antennas reflectors that are intended for spaceflight applications. The initial shape analysis method, formulated on the basis of membrane theory and elastic mechanics, determines the required as-manufactured shape of the reflective surface of the antenna reflector. On the other hand, the cutting-pattern analysis method, with its formulation based on spring-mass representations, numerically calculates the required cutting pattern of the planar membrane gores that are to be assembled to form the 3-dimensional reflective surface. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed analysis methods, a 3.2-m antenna reflector model was designed, manufactured, and assembled for ground demonstration and testing. The reflective surface accuracy of this demonstration reflector model was measured by a photogrammetric measuring system. Shape adjustments of the reflective surface were performed by systematically adjusting the tension in the cables that were used to mount the reflector to its support structure. It was found that the reflective surface accuracy of the reflector model, as defined by its RMS error from a best-fit parabolic shape, was less than 1 mm. In addition, dynamic and RF tests were also performed on the demonstration reflector model. The test results indicated that the first-mode frequency of the reflector model agreed well with the corresponding analytical prediction, and its radiation pattern was also well focused.     

多孔材料在整流罩内中高频降噪的应用与优化研究

基于JCA模型，采用有限元仿真和声学试验获取了三聚氰胺泡沫和吸音棉的声学参数，采用统计能量分析（SEA）方法建立了某卫星-整流罩的系统级模型。通过与混响室试验结果进行对比，验证了模型的正确性；并通过仿真和试验获取了两种材料对整流罩内噪声环境的降噪效果，分析了厚度、敷设率和敷设位置对降噪效果的影响。结果表明，采用结合Biot理论的SEA方法能有效预测整流罩内中高频噪声环境及多孔材料降噪效果；总降噪量与厚度、敷设率和敷设位置关系紧密，采用多孔材料降噪时应综合考虑以上因素。     

从盖茨比中看菲茨杰拉德

弗兰西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德是现代美国著名作家,被称作爵士时代的代言人.他的多数作品描绘的是二十世纪二十年代美国年轻一代的期望、不满和失望.1925年出版的<了不起的盖茨比>是菲茨杰拉德写作生涯的顶点.书中主人公盖茨比从多个角度反映了作者的生活和精神历程,从而被认为是作者的缩影.     

Numerical studies of a non-linear aeroelastic system with plunging and pitching freeplays in supersonic/hypersonic regimes

The flutter and post flutter of a two-dimensional double-wedge lifting surface with combined freeplay and cubic stiffness nonlinearities in both plunging and pitching degrees-of-freedom operating in supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes have been analyzed. In addition to the structural nonlinearities, the third-order piston theory aerodynamics is used to evaluate the unsteady non-linear aerodynamic force and moment. Such model accounts for stiffness and damping contributions produced by the aerodynamic loads. Responses involving limit cycle oscillation and chaotic motion are observed over a large number of parameters that characterizes the aeroelastic system. Results of the present study show that the freeplay in the pitching degree-of-freedom and soft/hard cubic stiffness in the pitching and plunging degrees-of-freedom have significant effects on the LCOs exhibited by the aeroelastic system in the supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes. The simulations also show that the aeroelastic system behavior is greatly affected by physical structural parameters, such as the radius of gyration and the frequency ratio, especially in post-flutter regimes, when accounting for all system nonlinearities. It has been shown that at high Mach numbers the non-linear aerodynamic stiffness yields detrimental effects from the aeroelastic point of view, while the damping one do not.