Preliminary analysis of the quality and positioning performance of BDS-3 global interoperable signal B1C&B2a

BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) satellites are equipped with the new generation GNSS signals B1C and B2a, which support the interoperability with GPS and Galileo systems. In this study, the pseudo-range multipath error and carrier phase observation noise of the BDS-3 B1C and B2a signals were evaluated based on zero baseline measurements from the day of year (DOY) 113 to 116, 2020. Further, the precision and performance of the single point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) are assessed at 9 stations. This assessment manifests that the standard deviations (STDs) of the pseudo-range multipath error are about 0.09 ~ 0.22 m, while STDs of the carrier phase observation noise are about 0.075 mm. For the single-frequency SPP, its positioning precision is about 2.03 ~ 4.85 m and 3.29 ~ 10.73 m at the 99.99% confidence level in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, while the dual-frequency SPP precision is about 1.92 ~ 8.02 m and 4.81 ~ 12.77 m in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. For the daily static PPP, the convergence time is about 20 ~ 30 min, while the daily positioning precision can reach 1.38 ~ 4.42 cm and -1.31 ~ 4.34 cm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. In general, the quality and the SPP and PPP performance of the BDS-3 B1C&B2a signals are comparable to the GPS and Galileo.     

激光绝对测距中相位信号的数字处理方法综述

随着工业4.0时代的来临，精密测量的技术发展变得越来越重要。绝对距离测量作为精密测量的一个重要组成部分，其测量精度离不开对信号相位信息的分析，而相位信息一般可以通过数字处理方法来获得。本文介绍了激光绝对距离测量中涉及到的相位信号数字处理方法的相关原理及应用。     

可压缩弹射出伞模型及仿真

火工装置常用于降落伞的强制开伞。针对柔性降落伞织物的可压缩特性,建立了弹射筒可压缩弹射出伞模型并开展了仿真计算,仿真结果与传统刚性模型进行了对比,表明可压缩弹性模型与实验数据更吻合,具有更高的准确性。同时研究了火工药剂参数、弹射筒几何结构及伞包材料特性对弹射力、伞包拉力及弹射速度的影响,发现火工装置初始容腔增大或活塞尺寸减小均会降低弹射推力;而伞包材料弹性使伞包受力小于并滞后于顶盖受力,伞包弹性越好,包装密度越小,越有利于降低顶盖速度和伞包受力。本文的可压缩弹射出伞模型为火工装置及伞包设计提供了一种新的设计分析思路。     

小型化抗干扰导航天线研究

为解决卫星导航系统中接收机容易受到干扰进而失锁的问题,针对抗干扰阵列天线展开研究。考虑到弹上、箭上等应用环境中空间非常紧凑,提出导航圆极化天线的小型化和展宽轴比波瓣宽度的新方法,通过在贴片上开槽和加载容性贴片的方式,将天线尺寸缩减至0.18?0?0.18?0,同时天线的3-dB轴比波瓣宽度超过120°。在此基础上设计了13阵元阵列,结合基于线性约束最小方差准则的抗干扰算法,通过电磁仿真进行验证,仿真结果表明,设计的基于小型化圆极化天线的导航天线阵列对空间中不同来向的干扰信号具有显著抑制效果,可以应用于各种抗干扰导航系统中。     

Inertial aided BDS triple-frequency integer ambiguity rounding method

The integer ambiguity resolution (AR) of carrier phase is significant for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning. However, in kinematic case, single-epoch AR methods based on alone GNSS are usually not reliable due to the instable pseudorange accuracy. Moreover, the computation of classical AR method Least Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) is large. Thus, the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is introduced, a new inertial-aided AR method that directly rounds the float ambiguity of BeiDou triple-frequency combined observations, which is characterized by long wavelength, low carrier-phase noise and ionospheric delay, is proposed. The mathematical model of the new method is derived first. Then the impacts of the carrier-phase noise, ionospheric delay and inertial navigation system (INS) position error on the AR success ratio of combined observation are analyzed through probabilistic approach. Based on above investigation, the combinations (0, ?1, 1), (1, 4, ?5) and (4, ?2, ?3) are selected to resolve the original ambiguity. A vehicular integrated navigation test is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the average AR success ratios of the three selected combinations, whose float ambiguity errors are 0.041, 0.146, 0.279 cycle respectively, are above 97.25% without regard to low-elevation C05. With respect to positioning accuracy based on our AR method when compared with IE software, the east, north, up error RMS of position are 0.042, 0.024, 0.069 m, respectively. In terms of the AR recover after the BeiDou signals outage, as long as 62 s BeiDou signal complete outage, all the ambiguities of all satellites could be re-fixed immediately. Besides, during the 90 s signals partial outage, the AR is not influenced by the position error, since the float ambiguity errors are all below half-cycle. The research of this contribution demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed new method, which indicates it is applicable to kinematic positioning, even in BDS degraded and denied environments.     

网格整体加筋贮箱圆筒壳结构优化设计

为完成网格整体加筋贮箱圆筒壳的结构优化设计,本文首先开展了网格整体加筋贮箱圆筒壳的有限元模型参数化研究;然后基于参数化模型,进行了网格加筋角度的优化设计和加筋尺寸与壁面厚度尺寸优化设计,讨论了网格尺寸和加筋角度与结构屈曲稳定性和质量之间的关系;并利用实验设计的方法构造响应面代理模型对网格尺寸和加筋角度进行了优化设计.通过以上参数化建模、代理模型构建和优化设计,得到了一套较为完整可行的网格整体加筋贮箱圆筒壳结构优化设计方法.最后还对研究过程中发现的问题进行了总结.     

辅助阳极掩模板电解加工技术

为了提高掩模板电解加工精度,本文采用辅助阳极法改善掩模板电解加工过程中侧面间隙电场的分布,减少杂散腐蚀.建立了未采用辅助阳极和采用辅助阳极电解加工的数学模型,模拟过程中考虑非线性电解液对加工精度的影响,利用有限元分析技术分别对未采用辅助阳极和采用辅助阳极电解加工的蚀除过程进行了模拟和数值求解.结果显示:辅助阳极法有效地减弱了凹坑侧壁的电场密度,降低了侧向蚀除速度.以电解加工微小群孔结构为例,进行了未采用辅助阳极和采用辅助阳极电解加工对比实验,实验结果表明:辅助阳极能有效地抑制发生在侧壁的杂散腐蚀,减小孔的锥度,提高加工精度.     

局部Bagging方法及其在人脸识别中的应用

Bagging方法无法在稳定的分类器(如最近邻分类器)上构建多样的分量分类器,因此它不适合于稳定的分类器.同时,小样本特性Bagging也很难应用于人脸识别等任务中.本文提出了一种局部Bagging(L-Bagging)方法以同时解决上述两个问题.L-Bagging和Bagging的主要区别是L-Bagging在每个事先划分好的局部区域内进行自助集的采样而不是如Bagging那样在原始的样本集上采样.由于局部区域的维数通常远远小于训练样本数,并且分量分类器又是构建在不同的局部区域上的, 因此 L-Bagging方法不仅有效地解决了小样本问题,而且产生了更多样的分量分类器.在4个标准的人脸数据库(AR,Yale,ORL和Yale B)上的实验结果表明所提出的L-Bagging方法是有效的,并且对光照、遮挡及轻微的姿态变化是鲁棒的.     

基于条纹中心线法的电子散斑干涉条纹信息提取

电子散斑干涉技术(ESPI)是光学测量的一种重要的方法,对ESPI条纹的信息提取是ESPI进行光学测量的关键步骤之一,本文在介绍电子散斑干涉条纹中心线法的基础上,开展了ESPI条纹图预处理和基于条纹细化算法的骨架线提取的研究,包括对细化的条纹进行修整、拟合,该方法可以实现条纹骨架的快速、准确的自动提取。设计了一套应力形变装置,运用电子散斑干涉条纹中心线法对试件表面的形变进行实际检测,得到测量结果,对结果进行了分析,实验测量值与实际相符。