Free oscillations and response of a viscous liquid in a rigid circular cylindrical tank

The natural damped frequencies and the response to translational excitation of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained. The response of the liquid surface elevation above its equilibrium position, as well as the viscous liquid force in x-direction due to translational excitation in this direction have been numerically evaluated. In this analysis the side wall adhesive boundary conditions have been satisfied, while only the normal bottom condition has been observed. This makes the results of the analysis applicable to liquid height ratio h/a>1.     

Global Processes that Determine Cosmic Ray Modulation

The global processes that determine cosmic ray modulation are reviewed. The essential elements of the theory which describes cosmic ray behavior in the heliosphere are summarized, and a series of discussions is presented which compare the expectations of this theory with observations of the spatial and temporal behavior of both galactic cosmic rays and the anomalous component; the behavior of cosmic ray electrons and ions; and the 26-day variations in cosmic rays as a function of heliographic latitude. The general conclusion is that the current theory is essentially correct. There is clear evidence, in solar minimum conditions, that the cosmic rays and the anomalous component behave as is expected from theory, with strong effects of gradient and curvature drifts. There is strong evidence of considerable latitude transport of the cosmic rays, at all energies, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Despite the apparent success of the theory, there is no single choice for the parameters which describe cosmic ray behavior, which can account for all of the observed temporal and spatial variations, spectra, and electron vs. ion behavior.