玻璃纤维芯铅丝(网)/橡胶动态性能影响因素研究

设计并制备了以不同橡胶为基体、具有不同界面结合强度的玻璃纤维芯铅丝(网)增强橡胶复合材料(GF/Pb/R),通过比较它们的动态压缩模量和阻尼损耗因子,研究了复合方式、橡胶基体性能和界面结合强度对于GF/Pb/R动态性能的影响。     

Rosina – Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N₂ and ¹³C from ¹²CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion sources.     

适合航空航天用SiCp/Al复合材料的性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了Φ300 mm的15%(体积分数)SiCp/A l复合材料坯锭,研究了热挤压、锻造后的材料力学性能以及断裂特点。结果表明,该材料的弹性模量在97 GPa、拉伸强度保持在550 MPa的水平下,延伸率仍高达7%左右,旋转弯曲疲劳强度在250~290 MPa范围内,断裂韧性为25 MPa.m1/2,冲击韧性为62.5 kJ/m2。与棒材挤压态相比,T4态复合材料拉伸强度和屈服强度分别提高66.7%和100%,但塑性保持在同一水平。断口观察表明,挤压态复合材料以基体韧性断裂为主要形式,而T4态复合材料除了基体韧性断裂外,还存在SiC颗粒断裂现象。挤压棒材锻造后有利于提高材料的横向强度。     

Mammalian cell cultivation in space.

Equipment used in space for the cultivation of mammalian cells does not meet the usual standard of earth bound bioreactors. Thus, the development of a space worthy bioreactor is mandatory for two reasons: First, to investigate the effect on single cells of the space environment in general and microgravity conditions in particular, and second, to provide researchers on long term missions and the Space Station with cell material. However, expertise for this venture is not at hand. A small and simple device for animal cell culture experiments aboard Spacelab (Dynamic Cell Culture System; DCCS) was developed. It provides 2 cell culture chambers, one is operated as a batch system, the other one as a perfusion system. The cell chambers have a volume of 200 microliters. Medium exchange is achieved with an automatic osmotic pump. The system is neither mechanically stirred nor equipped with sensors. Oxygen for cell growth is provided by a gas chamber that is adjacent to the cell chambers. The oxygen gradient produced by the growing cells serves to maintain the oxygen influx by diffusion. Hamster kidney cells growing on microcarriers were used to test the biological performance of the DCCS. On ground tests suggest that this system is feasible.     

Heterodyne spectroscopy of astronomical and laboratory sources at 8.5 μm using diode laser local oscillators

The first 8.5m infrared heterodyne spectrometer has been constructed using tuneable semiconductor (PbSe) diode lasers and was used to measure absorption line profiles of N₂O in the laboratory and black body emission from the Moon and from Mars. Spectral information was recorded over a 200 MHz bandwidth using an 8-channel filter bank. The resolution was 25 MHz (6 × 10^–6 m) and the minimum detectable (black-body) power was 1 × 10^–16 W for 8 min of integration. The results demonstrate the usefulness of heterodyne spectroscopy for the study of remote and local sources in the infrared.We wish to thank Dr Jack Butler and Craig Simpson (Arthur D. Little, Inc.) for their continuing (and successful) efforts to grow better diode lasers during the course of this experiment. We thank the National Radio Astronomy Observatory for the loan of a 40-channel filter bank and associated mini-computer.We thank en masse the dozens of people who loaned equipment to us for the duration of this experiment, and the commercial firms (especially Harshaw, Inc.) which expedited orders for crucial equipment. We thank Dr Bertram Donn, Dr Norman Ness, and Dr George Pieper for administrative, scientific, and financial support; and we thank Mr James Faris for technical assistance and Dr Sol Glicker for preparation of sample gas cells. We thank Dr Thomas Clark for providing the Kohoutek ephemeris, sighting printout, and predicted molecular line positions and for advice and the loan of some equipment. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the strong support accorded us by our wives and families who scarcely saw us during this period.     

马赫数2.5超/亚声流流向涡掺混超燃室冷态实验

结合对应的数值计算,对一种带亚声速预燃室和流向涡掺混器的超声速燃烧模型燃烧室实验台,在其进口马赫数为2.5的来流条件下,进行了冷态流场的实验研究.实验测得其壁面静压分布和激波系结构与流场的CFD计算结果基本一致.实验结果表明,模型燃烧室全流场超声速,达到设计状态.马赫数2.5下的冷态实验数据和CFD计算数据为进行点火实验提供了依据.      

L10-TiAl金属间化合物Mn,Nb合金化电子结构的计算

采用第一原理赝势平面波方法计算了L10型TiAl金属间化合物中掺入Mn,Nb后的电子结构和价键结构.通过合金原子形成热得出Mn优先占据Al点阵位置,Nb优先占据Ti点阵位置.Mulliken聚居数分析发现Mn或Nb合金化后,分别降低了(001)和(002)面内的原子间键合强度,掺入Nb还降低了层间的原子间键合强度,而掺入Mn,则使层间原子间键合强度增加.整体上来讲,掺入Mn有利于改善TiAl的室温脆性,而掺入Nb,不利于改善TiAl的室温脆性.     

The Diverse Planetary Ingassing/Outgassing Paths Produced over Billions of Years of Magmatic Activity

Space Science Reviews - Accretion onto black holes is an efficient mechanism in converting the gas mass-energy into energetic outputs as radiation, wind and jet. Tidal disruption events, in which...     

Mercury Dust Monitor (MDM) Onboard the Mio Orbiter of the BepiColombo Mission

Space Science Reviews - In this chapter, we review the contribution of space missions to the determination of the elemental and isotopic composition of Earth, Moon and the terrestrial planets, with...