一种电动飞机电推进系统的能效优化方法

电动飞机依靠电推进系统为飞机提供所需的动力,而电动飞机蓄电池的能量密度制约了飞机续航能力的提升。在蓄电池能量密度受限的条件下,进行电推进系统能效优化,提高电推进系统效率,降低电推进系统损耗,对增加飞机的续航时间具有重要意义。以某双座可调定桨距螺旋桨电动飞机电推进系统为例,依据飞机的飞行任务剖面搭建了飞机电推进系统在起飞及巡航阶段的系统损耗模型,以可调定桨距螺旋桨桨矩角为优化变量,以飞机完成一次飞行任务剖面能耗最小为目标,提出一种适于可调定桨距螺旋桨电动飞机电推进系统的能效优化方法。为了验证该方法的有效性,搭建样机测试平台,进行了样机试验,试验结果表明：该能效优化方法能够有效提高飞机电推进系统效率,使飞机完成一次飞行任务剖面的系统能耗降低了8%以上。     

一种高动态条件下惯性星光组合定姿方法

针对高动态条件下星图拖尾导致惯性星光组合定姿精度下降甚至无法定姿的问题,提出了一种基于乘性扩展卡尔曼滤波的惯性星光深度组合姿态确定方法.利用星敏感器观测信息修正姿态误差,补偿陀螺漂移,并建立了陀螺输出的角度变化量与星图像移的关系,利用陀螺输出信息估计星图拖尾的模糊参数,采用维纳滤波复原方法对产生拖尾的星图进行复原以提高星图信噪比和观测精度.仿真结果表明该方法可以有效提高星像质心提取精度和星图识别率,对初始姿态误差修正更快,且不存在星图误匹配的情况,保证了惯性星光组合定姿方法在高动态条件下仍能保持较高的精度.     

空间光学遥感器热控技术研究

分析了遥感器与卫星平台的热控差异,总结了近年来遥感器热控需求的变化,阐述了基于多学科集成的遥感器STOP设计模式,介绍了高精度/高稳定度温度控制、大功耗热量传输、深低温热量传输、Robust热控等适应遥感器热控需求的新技术研究及应用情况。对我国空间光学遥感器热控技术的研究具有一定借鉴意义。     

电动力绳系研究进展

介绍了电动力绳系的主要构造及工作原理,回顾了国内外关于电动力绳系的研究历程,并总结了相关在轨试验进展情况。从绳系模型、轨道动力学以及绳系展开动力学与控制等几个方面对电动力绳系进行了分析,最后对电动力绳系技术未来的发展和应用做了展望。     

基于热响应的卫星推进剂剩余量测量方法研究

介绍了基于热响应法的卫星推进剂剩余量在轨测量方法的原理,给出了国外在Telstar 11,LM 3000,BSS601平台日本通信卫星,Turksat 1C卫星的应用情况。给出了将该方法用于国内卫星的设想,并归纳了推进剂在轨空间分布高精度仿真、带液条件下贮箱内复杂传热过程高精度热仿真、贮箱与整星耦合热分析仿真等关键技术。     

关于太阳耀斑观测的地图匹配算法实现

利用海洋的镜面反射进行太阳耀斑观测,要求以星下点为中心的卫星视场必须落在海洋区内。针对如何判定卫星视场和海岸线地图的位置关系问题,文章将卫星视场构成的矩形区域与海岸线地图构成的不规则多边形区域等效为多条线段集合,并提出一种把判断矩形与不规则多边形位置关系转化成判断等效线段之间位置关系的算法。该算法与传统的线段裁剪法或多边形裁剪法比较,具有无需求取线段交点、判断次数大幅减小等优点,能够达到快速判断能否进行耀斑观测的目的。     

起落架缓冲器卡滞动态临界摩擦探究

为了探究起落架缓冲器卡滞特性设计准则,以某无人机主起落架为研究对象,依据飞机设计手册第14册中缓冲器卡滞特性分析方法,进行了静态和动态临界摩擦分析.分析表明动态临界摩擦在偏航着陆工况和机尾下沉回弹工况下可能发生卡滞.进而结合起落架落震动力响应曲线分析了动态临界摩擦的物理意义,发现现有飞机设计手册第14册中的动态临界摩擦分析方法卡滞判据并不成立,不应在计算临界摩擦系数时计入油液阻尼力.对于起落架缓冲器某状态时刻的卡滞特性分析,以飞机设计手册第14册中静态临界摩擦进行校核更为准确.      

Aircraft Electric Anti-skid Braking System Based on Fuzzy-PID Controller with Parameter Self-adjustment Feature

The principle of electric braking system is analyzed and an anti-skid braking system based on the slip rate control is proposed. The fuzzy-PID controller with parameter self-adjustment feature is designed for the anti-skid braking system. The dynamic model of aircraft ground braking is established in the simulation environment of MATLAB/SIMULINK, and simulation results of dry runway and wet runway are presented. The results show that the fuzzy-PID controller with parameter self-adjustment feature for the electric anti-skid braking system keeps working in the state of stability and the brake efficiencies are increased to 93% on dry runway and 82% on wet runway respectively.     

小展弦比机翼加装格尼襟翼的低雷诺数试验

通过风洞试验研究了在低雷诺数下加装格尼襟翼的小展弦比机翼气动特性,机翼展弦比为1.67,格尼襟翼为1%~4%弦长高度,试验雷诺数分别为2.0×105和5.0×105.天平测力和表面测压的试验结果表明:低雷诺数下小展弦比机翼加装一定高度的格尼襟翼后,升力系数明显提高,加装1%弦长高度的格尼襟翼还能够提高机翼的升阻比.这是因为在试验雷诺数下,合适高度的襟翼在提高了机翼升力的同时并未显著增大机翼阻力.对比不同试验雷诺数下格尼襟翼的作用效果,表明格尼襟翼能够减少低雷诺数气流分离的不利影响,并且在较小的雷诺数下这种作用更加显著.关于格尼襟翼对低雷诺数层流分离现象的影响,还需要通过细致的流场显示技术进行研究.      

Evaluation of three high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates: Potential for monsoon monitoring over Pakistan

Multi-sensor precipitation datasets including two products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and estimates from Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH) product were quantitatively evaluated to study the monsoon variability over Pakistan. Several statistical and graphical techniques are applied to illustrate the nonconformity of the three satellite products from the gauge observations. During the monsoon season (JAS), the three satellite precipitation products captures the intense precipitation well, all showing high correlation for high rain rates (>30 mm/day). The spatial and temporal satellite rainfall error variability shows a significant geo-topography dependent distribution, as all the three products overestimate over mountain ranges in the north and coastal region in the south parts of Indus basin. The TMPA-RT product tends to overestimate light rain rates (approximately 100%) and the bias is low for high rain rates (about ±20%). In general, daily comparisons from 2005 to 2010 show the best agreement between the TMPA-V7 research product and gauge observations with correlation coefficient values ranging from moderate (0.4) to high (0.8) over the spatial domain of Pakistan. The seasonal variation of rainfall frequency has large biases (100–140%) over high latitudes (36N) with complex terrain for daily, monsoon, and pre-monsoon comparisons. Relatively low uncertainties and errors (Bias ±25% and MAE 1–10 mm) were associated with the TMPA-RT product during the monsoon-dominated region (32–35N), thus demonstrating their potential use for developing an operational hydrological application of the satellite-based near real-time products in Pakistan for flood monitoring.