端羧基聚丁二烯(CTPB)推进剂的进展

用作优良粘合剂组份的端羧基聚丁二稀聚合物,由于其均匀的分子结构和化学反应性提供给推进剂良好的力学性能。本文是关于新的端羧基聚丁二稀和推进剂的进展。作者们共同研究的新CTPB 已从工业基地日本合成橡胶公司推荐给推进剂制造者。对日本合成橡胶公司的端羧基聚丁二稀的特性,特别是关于分子结构和粘合剂性能方面已进行了试验研究。     

Two hundred thirty-seven days in Salyut-7

A cosmonaut describes the long-duration Salyut-7 flight in 1984. The third visit to the orbital station provided many opportunities to advance knowledge about living and working in space. The stay on Salyut-7 was supported by three manned Soyuz-T visits and five Progress cargo ships. Scientists conducted a number of astrophysical experiments and acquired experience in spacecraft maintenance and repair. Medical research and control on 33 parameters were carried out for 87 of the 237 days.     

用于火箭发动机的凯夫拉纤维和玻璃纤维缠绕复合材料的表征

为了表征当前火箭发动机工业中常用的一些壳体复合材料特性,我们做了大量的工作。本文介绍了工作的结果,并且特别注意到了这样一个事实,即这些纤维缠绕材料是在固化炉中固化的,与“飞机”型在热压釜中固化的铺层方法比较,此方法对材料的力学性能会有影响。本文涉及到的所有试样都是从纤维缠绕的样品中取得的。 本研究的目的是评价和鉴定具有当前水平的表征试验方法:测定纤维取向的作用、试验方法和温度对性能的影响;表征复合材料有限元分析中用的所有正交各向异性弹性常数的特性;建立测预和实测性能间的关系;确定今后努力的方向。 我们对四种材料系统进行了表征,它们是:凯夫拉49、涂复有DC-20松粘剂的凯夫拉49、S-2玻璃和341型S-2玻璃布。环氧系统是“刚性”酸酐双酚A环氧,其杨氏模量为2827MPa。凯夫拉试样的准备工作有一些困难,为了获得合适的样品,不得不采用优于高压水喷射或传统机加的激光切割,但在切割涂复有松粘剂的凯夫拉时仍有问题,因为这种材料的层间强度很低。 板片状和环向缠绕环的拉伸试验给出了相当的数据,而且获得了与纤维取向有关的刚性变化和传统叠层理论二者之间极好的相关性。对用各种剪切方法获得的数据进行了比较,它表明与轴线成10°的叠层较之环向缠绕管状试样,其剪切模量高,但剪切     

Hydrogeologic controls on episodic H2 release from precambrian fractured rocks--energy for deep subsurface life on earth and mars

Dissolved H(2) concentrations up to the mM range and H(2) levels up to 9-58% by volume in the free gas phase are reported for groundwaters at sites in the Precambrian shields of Canada and Finland. Along with previously reported dissolved H(2) concentrations up to 7.4 mM for groundwaters from the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, these findings indicate that deep Precambrian Shield fracture waters contain some of the highest levels of dissolved H(2) ever reported and represent a potentially important energy-rich environment for subsurface microbial life. The delta (2)H isotope signatures of H(2) gas from Canada, Finland, and South Africa are consistent with a range of H(2)-producing water-rock reactions, depending on the geologic setting, which include both serpentinization and radiolysis. In Canada and Finland, several of the sites are in Archean greenstone belts characterized by ultramafic rocks that have under-gone serpentinization and may be ancient analogues for serpentinite-hosted gases recently reported at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field and other hydrothermal seafloor deposits. The hydrogeologically isolated nature of these fracture-controlled groundwater systems provides a mechanism whereby the products of water-rock interaction accumulate over geologic timescales, which produces correlations between high H(2) levels, abiogenic hydrocarbon signatures, and the high salinities and highly altered delta (18)O and delta (2)H values of these groundwaters. A conceptual model is presented that demonstrates how periodic opening of fractures and resultant mixing control the distribution and supply of H(2) and support a microbial community of H(2)-utilizing sulfate reducers and methanogens.     

双时间法求解大迎角翼型绕流非定常N-S方程

本文采用双时间推进法、顶点格式有限体积法求解非定常ＮＳ方程、应用多层网格技术计算了ＮＡＣＡ００１２翼型大迎角振荡绕流,并对伪时间推进收敛精度,物理时间步长,多层网格迭代方式等对计算结果与计算ＣＰＵ时间的影响进行了讨论,另外还讨论了采用Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ湍流模型时用固定转捩或全湍流模式对计算结果的影响,并与实验结果进行了比较。     

Laser Hardening of Metals

The first experiments on hardening metals by laserpeening induced residual compressive stress in the sur-face of metals for improving their resistance to cracking,stress corrosion and fatigue took place more than 30years ago. However, only today, with the development ofhigh-intensity pulse repetitive rate lasers, this methodstarts to compete to traditional peening, which use influ-ence of small metal balls.Laser peening uses pulses with high intensity 109￣1010 W/cm2 [1]. The laser energy abso…     

一次性使用/空间运输系统火箭轨道转移级的液体推进技术

分析用于各种上面级的轨道转移飞行器(OTV)最佳液体推进设计方案,研究了17.7—26t低地球轨道(LEO)级运载火箭有效载荷级用的高/低压地面可贮存推进系统技术及高性能、低推力低温推进方案.以LEO高度100nmile、比冲340s、质量比0.90为基本标准,通过计算给出质量比在0.88—0.92及比冲在320—500s范围内的性能     

Hazard Prevention in Mission Plans for Aerial Vehicles Based on Soft Institutions

Hazard prevention in mission plans requires careful analysis and appropriate tools to support the design of preventive and/or corrective measures. It is most challenging in systems with large sets of states and complex state relations. In the case of sociotechnical systems, hazard prevention becomes even more dicult given that the behaviour of human centric components can at best be partially predictable. In the present article we focus on a specic class of sociotechnical systems namely air spaces containing pilot controlled as well as autonomous aircrafts and introduce the notion of relevant hazards. We also introduce soft institutions as an appropriate basis for analysis, with the aim of addressing relevant hazards. The concept of soft institutions is drawn from specication languages for interaction between agents in multi agent systems but, in our case, is adapted for use in systems that combine human and automated actors.     

2090Al-Li合金的氢脆

众所周知,在其它传统高强铝合金已观察过的浸蚀环境中,氢气在 Al-Li 合金力学性能降低上扮演着一个重要的角色。在本研究中,通过充氢样品的拉伸试验,检测了氢对2090Al-Li 合金力学性能的影响。在 HCl 溶液中,对拉伸样品采用阴极充氢并在不同的温度和应变速率下进行试验。发现:氢的影响随着充氢的时间增加而增大,但随试验温度下降而减小;还发现:在293K 处,随着应变速率的下降,氢的影响增加。