Intelligent control of a planning system for astronaut training

This work intends to design, analyze and solve, from the systems control perspective, a complex, dynamic, and multiconstrained planning system for generating training plans for crew members of the NASA-led International Space Station. Various intelligent planning systems have been developed within the framework of artificial intelligence. These planning systems generally lack a rigorous mathematical formalism to allow a reliable and flexible methodology for their design, modeling, and performance analysis in a dynamical, time-critical, and multiconstrained environment. Formulating the planning problem in the domain of discrete-event systems under a unified framework such that it can be modeled, designed, and analyzed as a control system will provide a self-contained theory for such planning systems. This will also provide a means to certify various planning systems for operations in the dynamical and complex environments in space. The work presented here completes the design, development, and analysis of an intricate, large-scale, and representative mathematical formulation for intelligent control of a real planning system for Space Station crew training. This planning system has been tested and used at NASA-Johnson Space Center     

选择空间运输系统助推发动机的方法学

在设计方案评定应用中以参量性寿命周期费用(LCC)为主要的评估标准.阐述了最近研究并成功地应用在对未来重复使用的空间运输系统助推火箭的液体火箭发动机评估上的方法学.讨论了用以LCC为基础的原理评估的定量方法,并考虑了所有的次要评定因素和费用评估关系(CER).讨论了研制工作中的技术、费用和进度,及操作和维护寿命期中的风险对LCC的影响.最后,严格地研讨了将这一以LCC为依据的定量评估方法论用作决策支持工具的优缺点,并将它与作者过去用于相似用途的纯定性评定方法作了比较.本方法学虽是一项具体应用,但也可以作为一类决策模型用于其他的机械和电子系统上,例如运输、空间站和高级武器系统用的这类系统上.     

NASA's global reach

The editorial examines opportunities for change in NASA's paradigm for international partnerships in space exploration.     

Measurements of radiation exposure in civil aircraft

The radiation exposures on 12 flights of German airlines were measured with an active dosemeter based on two silicon semiconductors. The dependence on the date, altitude and route of the flights was studied. Measured dose rates and preliminary dose equivalent rates of the individual flights are given and compared with model calculations.     

The Kinelite Project: a new powerful motion analyser for Spacelab and space station

The goal of the Kinelite Project is to develop a space qualified motion analysis system to be used in space by the scientific community, mainly to support neuroscience protocols. The measurement principle of the Kinelite is to determine, by triangulation mean, the 3D position of small, lightweight, reflective markers positioned at the different points of interest. The scene is illuminated by Infra Red flashes and the reflected light is acquired by up to 8 precalibrated and synchronized CCD cameras. The main characteristics of the system are: Camera field of view: 45 degrees; Number of cameras: 2 to 8; Acquisition frequency: 25, 50, 100, or 200 Hz; CCD format: 256 x 256; Number of markers: up to 64; 3D accuracy: 2mm; Main dimensions: 45 cm x 45 cm x 30 cm; Mass: 23 kg; Power consumption: less than 200 W. The Kinelite will first fly aboard the NASA Spacelab; it will be used, during the NEUROLAB mission (4/98), to support the "Frames of References and Internal Models" (Principal Investigator: Pr. A. Berthoz, Co Investigators: J. McIntyre, F. Lacquaniti).     

1.2米×1.2米跨超风洞测处程序编制的一种方法

本文介绍1.2米×1.2米风洞测处程序编制的一种方法及方法实施的途径和简要框图。     

信标监视可减少地面与航天器的通信和相互作用

信标监视是这样一种设想：当航天器需要与地面相互作用时，为其提供通知地面的一种简单途径。历来，航天器必须向地面操作人员发送大量的系统状态数据，这就需要可靠的通信链路、冗长的数传时间和复杂的数据接收与检测设备。操作专家必须监视和分析这些数据，并确定何需与航天器进行进一步的相互作用。将来，许多航天器都有分析自身状态数据的智能，因而确定地面与航天器之间何时需进行相互作用的任务将转移给航天器。信标监视方案不     

宽体飞机的维修市场

宽体飞机维修市场正在形成新的供需模式。业内专家认为,宽体飞机的维修服务需求至少在未来三年内将会较为平稳,因为这一期间内不断增长的重维修(HMV)业务在一定程度上补偿了一些C检业务的减少。市场调研机构Frost & Sullivan认为,除了还要继续开展定检,较老的宽体飞机正在迎来一个翻新和改装的小高峰。因此,北美和欧洲的维修市场非常看好这些老龄宽体机队。     

民航企业文化建设应注意的几个问题

随着近几年民航体制改革的逐步推进,民航的企业文化建设也相应得到了重视和发展,并且对企业的生存发展和竞争实力的提高产生了重要影响。但就目前而言,民航企业文化建设中依然存在许多不容忽视的问题。如特色不强、重点不突出、缺乏群众基础、党政合力不够、系统性差和创新不足等。这些问题如不注意克服,企业文化建设则难以向纵深健康发展,其成效也将大打折扣。笔者认为,当前民航的企业文化建设,应着重从以下八个方面做出切实的努力。认清特殊性,防止“通用化”矛盾特殊性的原理告诉我们,世上的一切事务都是千差万别各不相同的。某一事务与…