直升机飞行载荷应用探讨

直升机载荷在结构设计和验证中起着关键性的作用。90年代以来,直升机的飞行载荷测量技术得到了飞速发展,使全面获得各型号的飞行载荷成为了可能。基于飞行载荷实测数据,从飞行载荷与旋翼构型的关系、影响飞行载荷的因素、状态载荷的分布规律,以及飞行载荷与故障的相关性等几方面对如何拓展飞行载荷的应用范围进行了初步探讨,为充分发挥飞行载荷历史数据在新机研制的设计、试验和试飞验证中的作用提供思路。     

基于某型航牢发动机的综合控制系统试验平台设计

针对多数半物理仿真试验平台系统的结构简单、功能单一、无法模拟控制系统在发动机上真实工作的情况,设计了基于真实外部管路的控制系统综合半物理试验平台,对试验平台的重要环节进行了建模和仿真分析,并进行调试试验。测试结果表明:半物理仿真试验平台可满足控制系统综合试验的性能调试、功能验证和故障复现等要求,对某型航空发动机控制系统的研制具有重要指导意义。     

Identification of morphological biosignatures in Martian analogue field specimens using in situ planetary instrumentation

We have investigated how morphological biosignatures (i.e., features related to life) might be identified with an array of viable instruments within the framework of robotic planetary surface operations at Mars. This is the first time such an integrated lab-based study has been conducted that incorporates space-qualified instrumentation designed for combined in situ imaging, analysis, and geotechnics (sampling). Specimens were selected on the basis of feature morphology, scale, and analogy to Mars rocks. Two types of morphological criteria were considered: potential signatures of extinct life (fossilized microbial filaments) and of extant life (crypto-chasmoendolithic microorganisms). The materials originated from a variety of topical martian analogue localities on Earth, including impact craters, high-latitude deserts, and hydrothermal deposits. Our in situ payload included a stereo camera, microscope, M?ssbauer spectrometer, and sampling device (all space-qualified units from Beagle 2), and an array of commercial instruments, including a multi-spectral imager, an X-ray spectrometer (calibrated to the Beagle 2 instrument), a micro-Raman spectrometer, and a bespoke (custom-designed) X-ray diffractometer. All experiments were conducted within the engineering constraints of in situ operations to generate realistic data and address the practical challenges of measurement. Our results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach for this type of work. Each technique made a proportionate contribution to the overall effectiveness of our "pseudopayload" for biogenic assessment of samples yet highlighted a number of limitations of current space instrument technology for in situ astrobiology.     

回溯降维相干分布式非圆信号DOA快速估计

在相干分布式非圆(CDNC)信号波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对阵列输出矩阵扩展后维数增加带来的较大运算量问题,基于降维的多级维纳滤波(MSWF)技术,引入回溯优化思想,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法首先利用信号非圆特性扩展阵列输出矩阵,然后通过MSWF递推分解快速求出信号子空间,避免了计算阵列协方差矩阵及特征分解,并且在递推过程中引入回溯优化机制提高了各级匹配滤波器的估计性能,最后由最小二乘(LS)或者总体最小二乘(TLS)得到DOA估计。仿真分析表明,所提算法与相干分布式非圆信号旋转不变子空间算法(CDNC-ESPRIT)性能相当,但复杂度得到了大幅度降低,相比于基于MSWF的非圆信号快速子空间(NC-MSWF-FS)算法,在较小的复杂度代价下大幅度提升了低信噪比时的估计性能,并且对初始参考信号的选取具有了较强的鲁棒性。     

高温基线密封编织弹簧管的建模与仿真

为了研究高温基线密封中的编织弹簧的回弹特性,参照Pierce线圈模型对编织弹簧管进行参数化建模。采用有限元软件对编织弹簧管进行静力学仿真,对比有限元计算结果与实验数据,接触面摩擦因数为0. 1时仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好。弹簧刚度对线径十分敏感,回弹力与线径呈现非线性高次关系。增加编织线股数,弹簧刚度会成倍增加。温度在低于600℃时对弹簧刚度的影响较小,在高于600℃后,弹簧刚度随着温度升高快速下降。通过S-N曲线计算编织弹簧管在650℃时的最低疲劳寿命高于密封设计要求。研究结果表明,在编织弹簧管的设计要求的前提下,环密度为0. 05、线径为0. 32 mm、双线编织的编织弹簧管具有较好的性能。。     

DARA vestibular equipment onboard MIR

In space, the weightless environment provides a different stimulus to the otolith organs of the vestibular system, and the resulting signals no longer correspond with the visual and other sensory signals sent to the brain. This signal conflict causes disorientation. To study this and also to understand the vestibular adaptation to weightlessness, DARA has developed scientific equipment for vestibular and visuo-oculomotoric investigations. Especially, two video-oculography systems (monocular--VOG--and binocular--BIVOG, respectively) as well as stimuli such as an optokinetic stimulation device have successfully been employed onboard MIR in the frame of national and European missions since 1992. The monocular VOG was used by Klaus Flade during the MIR '92 mission, by Victor Polyakov during his record 15 months stay onboard MIR in 1993/94 as well as by Ulf Merbold during EUROMIR '94. The binocular version was used by Thomas Reiter and Sergej Avdeyev during the 6 months EUROMIR '95 mission. PIs of the various experiments include H. Scherer and A. Clarke (FU Berlin), M. Dieterichs and S. Krafczyk (LMU Munchen) from Germany as well as C.H. Markham and S.G. Diamond from the United States. Video-Oculography (VOG) is a technique for examining the function of the human balance system located in the inner ear (vestibular system) and the visio-oculomotor interactions of the vestibular organ. The human eye movements are measured, recorded and evaluated by state-of-the-art video techniques. The method was first conceived and designed at the Vestibular Research Laboratory of the ENT Clinic in Steglitz, FU Berlin (A. Clarke, H. Scherer). Kayser-Threde developed, manufactured and tested the facilities for space application under contract to DARA. Evaluation software was first provided by the ENT Clinic, Berlin, later by our subcontractor Sensomotoric Instruments (SMI), Teltow. Optokinetic hardware to support visuo-oculomotoric investigations, has been shipped to MIR for EUROMIR '95 and has successfully been used in conjunction with VOG by ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter. Most recently, BIVOG aboard MIR will be reused in the frame of German/Russian joint experiment sessions employing two Russian cosmonauts from August 1997 to January 1998.     

操纵面作动对无尾布局无人机纵向气动特性的影响

通过风洞测力实验,研究了不同操纵面作动对某无尾布局无人机纵向气动特性的影响.实验结果表明:升降副翼以及襟副翼正向偏转都会使全机升力系数、阻力系数以及低头力矩增加.升降副翼作动引起的增量要高于襟副翼,并且舵偏角度越大增量越大.全动翼尖作动对全机纵向气动特性基本没有影响.在线性段,鸭翼作动对升力系数和阻力系数影响不大;线性段之外,鸭翼作动使得升力系数和阻力系数减小.迎角α<16°以及α>38°时,鸭翼正向作动使得低头力矩减小,负向作动使得低头力矩增加.操纵面作动对低头力矩的控制效率由高到低依次为:升降副翼、襟副翼、鸭翼和全动翼尖.进一步分析表明不同操纵面的控制效率与舵容量系数具有较大关系.