离子发动机加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀的粒子模拟

为研究离子发动机加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀速的特征及影响规律,采用单元内粒子——蒙特卡罗碰撞(PIC-MCC)方法,结合溅射腐蚀模型,模拟了栅极间束流离子及交换电荷(CEX)离子的分布情况,得到离子发动机加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀情况及平均腐蚀率,为0.0176μm/h。进一步研究了工作参数和几何参数对其影响,并建立了适用于工程应用的加速栅极孔扩大腐蚀预测模型。结果表明,在影响孔扩大腐蚀率各种因素中,束流电流密度和中性气体密度的影响最大。因此,在离子发动机直径一定的情况下,提高放电室出口等离子体密度的均匀性及推进剂利用率,是提高栅极寿命的根本途径。      

利用GPU加速的三维N-S方程求解器研究

将三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程求解器LMNS3D移植至GPU平台,研究了显式和隐式两种时间推进方法下利用GPU加速的策略与效果。其中显式方法采用五步Runge-Kutta法;隐式方法中由于LU-SGS算法数据依赖性强,不适于并行计算,因而采用了DP-LUR方法。测试表明,程序在双精度下可取得与原CPU代码一致的运算结果,并可获得约20x(RK)与15x(DP-LUR)的加速效果。     

脉冲等离子体推力器点火可靠性试验研究

为了得到PPT点火可靠性表征参量的内在联系及放电能量对其影响规律,开展了传统PTFE与掺碳PTFE两种工质的可靠性试验研究,通过记录点火故障率和分析放电延迟时间,得到了不同工质PPT的点火可靠性,为PPT点火可靠性分析提供了新的研究思路。研究结果表明:在不同放电电压下,PTFE工质PPT放电延迟时间随点火次数增加的变化规律明显不同。放电电压为1kV时,放电延迟时间在1μs～15μs内变化,在初始阶段时明显增加,然后在波动中上升,并伴随有点火故障发生;放电电压为1250V和1500V时,放电延迟时间在1μs～5μs之内波动,且没有点火故障发生。两种工质的放电延迟时间均随点火故障率增加呈非线性规律变化,掺碳PTFE的放电延迟阈值与放电电压之间呈指数函数规律变化。     

一种特型燃气舵数值模拟分析

介绍了一种由活动体和固定体组成的特型燃气舵.为了解该燃气舵的相关特性及其与普通燃气舵的区别,分别对该特型燃气舵和普通燃气舵进行了数值模拟.根据数值模拟的结果,从流场、热效应、固体颗粒影响及气动性能4个方面进行了分析.与普通燃气舵相比,特型燃气舵具有抗侵蚀能力强、结构质量轻和阻力小等优点,但也有升力小的缺点.     

Pleurodeles waltl, amphibian, Urodele, is a suitable biological model for embryological and physiological space experiments on a vertebrate.

Pleurodeles waltl (amphibian, Urodele) is an appropriate biological model for space experiments on a vertebrate. One reason for interest in this animal concerns the study of the effects of absence of gravity on embryonic development. First, after mating (on Earth) the females retain live, functional sperm in their cloacum for up to 5 months, allowing normal in vivo fertilisation after hormonal stimulation. Second, their development is slow, which allows analyses of all the key stages of ontogenesis from the oocyte to swimming tailbud embryos or larvae. We have performed detailed studies and analyses of the effects of weightlessness on amphibian Pleurodeles embryos, fertilised and allowed to develop until the swimming larvae stage. These experiments were performed in space during three missions on the MIR-station: FERTILE I, FERTILE II and NEUROGENESIS respectively in 1996, 1998 and 1999. We show that in microgravity abnormalities appeared at specific stages of development compared to 1g-centrifuge control embryos and 1g-ground control embryos. In this report we describe abnormalities occurring in the central nervous system. These modifications occur during the neurulation process (delay in the closure of the neural tube and failure of closure of this tube in the cephalic area) and at the early tailbud stage (microcephaly observed in 40% of the microgravity-embryos). However, if acephalic and microcephalic embryos are not taken into account, these abnormalities did not disturb further morphological, biochemical and functional development and the embryos were able to regulate and a majority of normal hatching and swimming larvae were obtained in weightlessness with a developmental time-course equivalent to that of 1g-centrifuge control embryos (on the MIR station) and 1g-ground control embryos.     

两相流环缝塞式喷管设计方法

 在常滞后两相流假设下,提出改进的Angelino理想型面法和改进的“二次曲线+三次曲线”造型法设计两相流环缝塞式喷管;计算了这两种改进方法设计的塞式喷管性能。算例表明:在两相流条件下与未考虑两相流效应的气相理想方法设计的型面相比，改进的Angelino法设计的型面长度缩短近33%，推力增大约1%；改进的“二次曲线+三次曲线”造型法设计的型面长度减小近6%，性能提高约4%。     

复合材料壳体固体发动机药柱工作内压三维结构分析

对复合材料壳体的固体发动机药柱在工作内压作用下的变形和三维应力、应变进行了计算。复合材料壳体简化为正交各向异性结构，确定其弹性材料常数和材料的主轴方向，壳体变形计算和多次水压测试结果基本一致，在此基础上进行了药柱的三维应力、应变分析，为药柱完整性分析提供了参考。     

Three-dimensional global simulation of multiple ICMEs’ interaction and propagation from the Sun to the heliosphere following the 25–28 October 2003 solar events

This study performs simulations of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) propagation in a realistic three-dimensional (3D) solar wind structure from the Sun to the Earth by using the newly developed hybrid code, HAFv.2+3DMHD. This model combines two simulation codes, Hakamada–Akasofu–Fry code version 2 (HAFv.2) and a fully 3D, time-dependent MHD simulation code. The solar wind structure is simulated out to 0.08 AU (18 Rs) from source surface maps using the HAFv.2 code. The outputs at 0.08 AU are then used to provide inputs for the lower boundary, at that location, of the 3D MHD code to calculate solar wind and its evolution to 1 AU and beyond. A dynamic disturbance, mimicking a particular flare’s energy output, is delivered to this non-uniform structure to model the evolution and interplanetary propagation of ICMEs (including their shocks). We then show the interaction between two ICMEs and the dynamic process during the overtaking of one shock by the other. The results show that both CMEs and heliosphere current sheet/plasma sheet were deformed by interacting with each other.     

建国以来职业教育价值观演变研究

职业教育价值观是职业教育的基本问题,是职业教育发展规律的反映。新中国成立以来,我国的职业教育大力发展,职业教育价值观经历了政治价值,经济价值、人本价值的发展过程。