红外热辐射型沥青混合料降温特性与路用性能

用改性红外粉等量替代石灰岩矿粉作为填料,制备了热蓄积量较低的红外热辐射型沥青混合料,试验考察其降温特性和路用性能,并通过扫描电镜表征了掺粉混合料的结构性质。结果表明:混合料的最佳油石比与红外粉掺量呈线性递增关系;掺粉量越高,试件表面温度越低,但降温速率减小,最多可降低8.02°C;与不掺红外粉试件相比,掺粉试件的高温稳定性、低温稳定性和水稳定性性能均有所改善,6%掺量试件马歇尔稳定度提高了12.2%,残留稳定度高达98.9%,12%掺粉量试件的低温劈裂抗拉强度提高了21.3%;掺入红外粉后沥青胶浆更加致密、均匀、混合料的孔洞缝隙较小。     

颤振边界高效精确预测分析

高效精确地确定多种飞机构型的颤振边界在飞机设计过程中具有重要意义。为了提高计算效率和计算结果的准确性,针对亚声速和跨声速两种马赫数区域,提出分别采用线性和非线性方法进行非定常气动力分析。非线性分析在引入精确的定常气动力的基础上,采用高效率跨声速小扰动方程进行求解;颤振求解统一采用g 法。对大型飞机的梁架—减缩刚度组合模型的空机及三种典型燃油构型进行涵盖飞行包线的全马赫数变高度颤振分析,结果表明：四种构型的颤振边界与颤振试飞边界一致,与其他分析方法相比,效率有明显提高,尤其是对多种飞机构型能够高效地获得准确的颤振边界,即说明本文采用的方法是目前适用于工程上的一种高效精确的预测大型飞机颤振边界的方法。     

应用维数分裂方法推广MUSCL和WENO格式的若干问题

首先对有限差分法和有限体积法的差异进行了讨论,在已有文献观点的基础上补充了二者在边界条件处理及网格需求等方面存在差异的新论据。介绍了逐维推导的MUSCL和WENO格式计算控制体界面通量的过程,认为此类格式计算界面通量的方法直接应用于高斯积分型有限体积法不够严谨,从而得到了应用维数分裂方法构造的MUSCL格式和WENO格式不属于高斯积分型有限体积法的观点,“积分格式”这一定义更能准确反映这类格式的特点。此外,讨论了MUSCL格式和WENO格式在曲线坐标系下不能保证守恒的原因,并简单介绍了消除方法。     

某型飞机球面框球皮搭接对缝结构优化

民用飞机结构必须在预期的使用寿命内具有高安全性和高可靠性。飞机结构疲劳设计的目标便是通过设计和疲劳强度分析等手段,使结构具有较好的疲劳性能。对结构进行抗疲劳设计,提高结构固有的疲劳特性,是实现疲劳设计目标的主要途径。针对某型飞机球面框球皮搭接对缝结构制定了结构优化设计方案,对原结构及优化方案的连接形式分别进行了有限元建模,求解连接结构中紧固件的载荷分布,并对原结构及优化结构进行了疲劳强度分析。然后使用NASGRO软件对原结构及优化结构疲劳危险细节进行了裂纹扩展分析,最后将原结构与优化结构的疲劳及损伤容限分析结果进行了对比,对比结果表明优化设计方案有效地提高了球皮搭接对缝结构的疲劳及损伤容限性能,并减少了结构重量以及维护的成本。     

旋转脱冰试验与数值模拟研究

航空发动机旋转件的冰脱落会对进气系统造成不能接受的机械损伤,因此需要对旋转脱冰现象进行研究。脱冰研究主要分为两部分：冰风洞实验室的旋转脱冰试验和基于有限元软件的仿真计算。通过试验得到了不同工况下冰脱落时的冰型、结冰质量和密度等相关数据。通过仿真计算得到附着在固体表面冰的应力分布情况。试验结果显示,在较低温度下形成的霜冰相比于较高温度下形成的明冰更难发生冰脱落现象。仿真结果显示,霜冰内聚力呈现小于剪切黏附力的特性,明冰的内聚力呈现大于剪切黏附力的特性。     

利用双焦点激光测速仪测量小型风洞中单个叶型绕流的试验研究

为了验证各种气体动力学数值计算方法的可靠性,在小型风洞中对单个叶型绕流进行了一系列测量,利用双焦点激光测速仪(L2F)和测取叶型表面、壁面静压对全亚声速流场及含有激波的跨声速流场进行了细致的研究,同时还进行了激波振荡现象及探头对流场的影响的研究。获得的结果不仅可以用于检验描述流动的各种数值模型的正确性或可靠性,同时也为进一步发展数值模型提供了实验数据。通过在简单流场中的测量,积累了一些经验,例如激波前后移动现象的判析与处理,有利于今后在复杂流场中的测量。     

载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题研究进展

通过归纳一般物体入水冲击问题解析法和数值法的种类和发展,对载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题进行了应用研究;重点对国内外工程上进行的返回舱着水实验进行了整理,并根据实验舱体的复杂程度将其分为模型实验和样机实验两类,指出分别使用刚性缩比模型、弹性缩比模型和样机进行着水实验时,成本、实验周期及其结果数据丰富程度递增的特点,指出了需要注意的弹性近似准确性和样机在不同实验工况下的适应性改造问题：同时对近年来研究较多的返回舱着水冲击问题的仿真分析方法进行了总结对比,讨论了其适用于任意舱体外形、任意姿态着水问题分析以及能够获得全过程详细动力学特性的优势。     

Interlaced optimal-REQUEST and unscented Kalman filtering for attitude determination

 Aimed at low accuracy of attitude determination because of using low-cost components which may result in non-linearity in integrated attitude determination systems, a novel attitude determination algorithm using vector observations and gyro measurements is presented. The various features of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and optimal-REQUEST (quaternion estimator) algorithms are introduced for attitude determination. An interlaced filtering method is presented for the attitude determination of nano-spacecraft by setting the quaternion as the attitude representation, using the UKF and optimal-REQUEST to estimate the gyro drifts and the quaternion, respectively. The optimal-REQUEST and UKF are not isolated from each other. When the optimal-REQUEST algorithm estimates the attitude quaternion, the gyro drifts are estimated by the UKF algorithm synchronously by using the estimated attitude quaternion. Furthermore, the speed of attitude determination is improved by setting the state dimension to three. Experimental results show that the presented method has higher performance in attitude determination compared to the UKF algorithm and the traditional interlaced filtering method and can estimate the gyro drifts quickly.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

Design and analysis of spiral bevel gears with seventh-order function of transmission error

This paper proposes a new approach to mial function of transmission error （TE） for spiral design and implement a seventh-order polyno- bevel gears with an aim to reduce the running vibration and noise of gear drive and improve the loaded distribution of the tooth. Based on the constraint conditions of predesigned seventh-order polynomial function curve and the theory of linear algebra, the polynomial coefficients of the seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error can be obtained. By applying a method named reverse tooth contact analysis, the modified roll coefficients as well as parts of machine-tool settings for the face-milling of spiral bevel gears can be individually determined. Therefore, a predesigned seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error for spiral bevel gears can be obtained by the modified roll with high-order coef- ficients, and comparisons of the seventh-order polynomial and parabolic functions of transmission error are also performed. The achievement of spiral bevel gears with the seventh-order function of transmission error can be accomplished on a universal Cartesian-type hypoid gear generator or a numerically controlled cradle-style hypoid gear generator due to its simple generating motion of axes of the cradle and the work piece. The results of a numerical example show that the bending stresses of the tooth of seventh-order are less than those of a parabolic one, while the contact stresses remain almost eouivalent.