基于有监督线性特征映射(SLFM)网络的材料性能预测模型

构造了基于 SLFM网络的材料性能预测模型 ,探讨了实现该预测模型时网络的拓扑结构、学习和预测机制以及参数选择 ,提供了其对 Ti-2 6合金性能进行预测的实验 ,实验结果良好。在此基础上对 Ti-2 6合金的部分性能影响因素进行了优化 ,优化后的性能测算结果和实验结果相符。     

超燃冲压发动机再生冷却热结构设计的计算工具

为分析在电弧加热器上进行的超燃冲压发动机再生冷却热结构试验的热交换,用了准三维的热分析工具和三维内流场CFD计算平台来作为分析工具.在换热计算及试验中用了水和煤油作为冷却剂,而且用煤油作为燃料.计算和试验结果吻合较好,表明换热分析工具和国内航空煤油物性表达式可以在深入的热结构试验和设计中应用.     

电晕放电飘升机研究

基于B-B效应的电飘机是一种不对称电容器在高电压作用下产生推力的飞行器,由于它是一种无推进剂的飞行器而受到科技界的广泛重视。本文通过实验研究,分析电晕放电的特点,提出基于涡旋动力学理论的挠场与真空零点能相干原理来解释推力的产生。对B-B效应的深入研究将对航空航天的推进技术带来革命性的变化。     

45号钢脉冲电子束熔凝处理及微结构研究

利用多极板赝火花放电装置产生的高功率脉冲电子束对45号钢进行轰击,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)的观察,研究了电子束在金属表面和纵向深度上引起的组织结构的变化。结果表明轰击区表面瞬态骤熔急冷,形成了微晶或无序层;剖面组织区域分为熔凝区,马氏体区,热影响区和基体。熔凝区在极高的温度梯度下,具有自淬火效应。马氏体区和热影响区在多脉冲的作用下,相当于经历了多次退火和回火过程,材料组织明显细化。轰击后样品表面的显微硬度与耐腐蚀性测试结果表明,显微组织的细化,改善了金属材料表面的物化性能。采用适当的脉冲数对金属材料表面改性作用效果明显。     

燃气自由射流的正格式数值模拟

采用二阶正格式方法对复杂燃气自由射流进行了数值模拟。将二维守恒方程的正格式方法发展到轴对称Euler方程组的求解,并对不同欠膨胀压力比下的燃气射流进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,该方法能够较好捕捉到波胞、滑移线、射流边界以及三波点等复杂射流流场波系结构,与实验照片反映的流动特征及高精度、高分辨率的三阶间断有限元方法的计算结果吻合较好,马赫盘位置与理论预估值和实验测量结果误差较小。证明该方法对激波具有较强的捕捉能力,为此类流动的数值研究提供了一种新手段。     

超声速冷态流场液体射流雾化实验研究

采用全息诊断和高速纹影,对不同来流总压、来流马赫数、喷孔直径和喷射压力等条件下超声速冷态流场液体射流雾化进行了研究。初步了解了超声速流场中液体射流的雾化过程和机理,得到了射流的Weber数和Oh数等雾化参数,比较了不同条件下射流穿透高度的差异,得到了液滴平均直径和数量密度的空间分布。研究表明：射流表面不稳定波的增长是超声速流场中射流破碎的主要原因;射流与气流的动量通量比和喷孔直径影响射流穿透高度,动量通量比和喷孔直径增加都会增加穿透高度;实验中液体射流的雾化过程非常迅速,在喷嘴下游20mm处,直径0.5mm的射流就破碎成平均直径10μm左右的液滴群,随着液滴向下游运动,平均直径逐渐减小,平均直径和数量密度分布逐渐均匀。     

The Freja Hot Plasma Experiment—Instrument and first results

The Hot Plasma Experiment, F3H, on boardFreja is designed to measure auroral particle distribution functions with very high temporal and spatial resolution. The experiment consists of three different units; an electron spectrometer that measures angular and energy distributions simultaneously, a positive ion spectrometer that is using the spacecraft spin for three-dimensional measurements, and a data processing unit. The main scientific objective is to study positive ion heating perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in the auroral region. The high resolution measurements of different positive ion species and electrons have already provided important information on this process as well as on other processes at high latitudes. This includes for example high resolution observations of auroral particle precipitation features and source regions of positive ions during magnetic disturbances. TheFreja orbit with an inclination of 63° allows us to make detailed measurements in the nightside auroral oval during all disturbance levels. In the dayside, the cusp region is covered during magnetic disturbances. We will here present the instrument in some detail and some outstanding features in the particle data obtained during the first months of operation at altitudes around 1700 km in the northern hemisphere auroral region.     

IMF Direction Derived from Cycloid-Like Ion Distributions Observed by Mars Express

Although the Mars Express (MEX) does not carry a magnetometer, it is in principle possible to derive the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation from the three dimensional velocity distribution of pick-up ions measured by the Ion Mass Analyser (IMA) on board MEX because pick-up ions' orbits, in velocity phase space, are expected to gyrate around the IMF when the IMF is relatively uniform on a scale larger than the proton gyroradius. During bow shock outbound crossings, MEX often observed cycloid distributions (two dimensional partial ring distributions in velocity phase space) of protons in a narrow channel of the IMA detector (only one azimuth for many polar angles). We show two such examples. Three different methods are used to derive the IMF orientation from the observed cycloid distributions. One method is intuitive (intuitive method), while the others derive the minimum variance direction of the velocity vectors for the observed ring ions. These velocity vectors are selected either manually (manual method) or automatically using simple filters (automatic method). While the intuitive method and the manual method provide similar IMF orientations by which the observed cycloid distribution is well arranged into a partial circle (representing gyration) and constant parallel velocity, the automatic method failed to arrange the data to the degree of the manual method, yielding about a 30° offset in the estimated IMF direction. The uncertainty of the derived IMF orientation is strongly affected by the instrument resolution. The source population for these ring distributions is most likely newly ionized hydrogen atoms, which are picked up by the solar wind.     

基于IDDES方法和γ-Re_θ转捩模型的粗糙颗粒诱导高速边界层强制转捩模拟

采用γ-Re_θ转捩模型与IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)相结合的方法对BAM6QT (Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel)中的马赫6来流条件下粗糙颗粒诱导转捩情况进行了数值模拟研究,通过与试验测量的压力脉动均方根值、脉动主频和边界层内的皮托压分布的定量对比及与文献中DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation)流场结构的定性对比,表明该方法可以捕捉粗糙单元诱导出的流向涡,能够模拟颗粒前缘分离激波和弓形激波之间的震荡现象,能够模拟流向涡向下游的发展失稳过程及其脉动发展过程。计算结果表明流向涡结构在粗糙颗粒下游40倍颗粒直径位置开始破碎,非定常扰动能也在该点附近增长达到最大值。粗糙单元诱导出了明显的条带涡结构,其中低速条带处于边界层上层,在向下游发展的过程中逐渐扩散至边界层外缘并耗散掉。高速条带位于边界层底部,在向下游发展的同时往展向两侧拓展,最终展向上多条高速条带接触并互相耦合,导致最后条带涡结构的破碎和尾迹区边界层的转捩。     

马赫数4下氢气自燃辅助乙烯点火实验研究

为了研究氢气自燃辅助乙烯点火的具体点火参数和点火性能,在直连式脉冲燃烧风洞设备上进行了模拟飞行马赫数4条件下的超燃发动机乙烯点火试验,试验来流的总温935K,总压0.8MPa,隔离段入口马赫数2.1。试验利用不同质量流量的引导氢气自燃辅助点火,成功实现了乙烯燃料的点火和稳定燃烧。通过流场显示和壁面压力测量发现:(1)能够成功点火的引导氢气流量范围为 0.43~12.61g/s,相当于当量比0.005~0.142;(2)0.43g/s流量氢气注入燃烧室后10ms以内被点燃,乙烯燃料注入后经过了约20ms才被点燃,点火的主要位置为凹槽内;(3)6.68g/s的氢气注入燃烧室后20ms才被点燃,乙烯燃料注入后约8ms即被点燃,点火的主要位置为凹槽下游和凹槽出口位置;(4)点火试验中火焰能够在凹槽内和剪切层内向上游逆传;(5)凹槽下游和下壁面的燃烧,是促进凹槽内燃烧、提升燃烧室压力和引起燃烧室压力震荡的主要原因。 