Compliance of disposal orbits with the French Space Operations Act: The Good Practices and the STELA tool

Space debris mitigation is one objective of the French Space Operations Act (FSOA), in line with Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) recommendations, through the removal of non-operational objects from populated regions. At the end of their mission, space objects are to be placed on orbits that will minimize future hazards to space objects orbiting in the same region. The FSOA, which came into force in 2010, ensures that technical risks associated with space activities are properly mitigated. The Act confers CNES a central support role in providing technical expertise to government on regulations dealing with space operations. In order to address the compliance of disposal orbits with the law technical requirements, CNES draws up Good Practices as well as a dedicated tool, Semi-analytic Tool for End of Life Analysis (STELA).     

基于快速平行因子分解的声矢量传感器阵二维DOA估计

将声矢量传感器阵列参数估计问题与平行因子(Parallel factor,PARAFAC)模型相结合,提出了一种基于快速PARAFAC分解的二维波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计算法。该算法首先将接收信号构建为PARAFAC模型,然后在数据域对参数矩阵进行初估计,最后利用PARAFAC分解获得信号二维DOA估计。该算法能够应用于任意结构的声矢量传感器阵列,同时能够得到和信源一一匹配的仰角和方位角估计。借助于参数矩阵的初始估计,所提算法收敛速度较快,其计算复杂度大大降低。该算法角度估计性能接近于PARAFAC算法,同时优于借助旋转不变性进行信号参数估计(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,ESPRIT)算法和传播算子(Propagator method,PM)算法。     

空间目标可见光相机的成像算法研究与分析

可见光相机可被应用于空间目标监测,其拍摄的图像具有高分辨率、高清晰度和高质量等优点。基于可见光探测器CMV4000获取Bayer格式数据的特点,采用了颜色插值和白平衡等方法,实现了彩色图像的重建。通过对比和分析多种插值方法,选取基于梯度的插值算法和灰度世界法用于工程实现色彩数据的重建。用彩色板等目标在实验室、暗室等场景下对算法进行仿真测试。结果表明：基于梯度的插值方法和白平衡法可以有效地恢复彩色图像,可以在空间环境中获取高质量的彩色图像。     

基于广播星历的北斗绝对位置基准建立与精度分析

军事反恐、远洋或偏远地区等区域由于条件受控或受限，无法快速自建基准站网框架，因此难以获取高精度的全球绝对位置基准。基于此，提出了利用广播星历中获取的开普勒轨道参数和钟差参数，联合伪距和载波观测值，对单站多天观测文件和导航文件进行静态序贯最小二乘解算，使其定位精度收敛，进而为该区域提供一个低成本的绝对位置基准。多天连续试验结果表明：1）在静态环境下，BDS广播星历单天解的平面和高程定位精度分别为30.0cm和20.0cm，若延长观测时长至7天左右，可获得收敛解，其平面和高程方向平均精度分别达到9.5cm和14.3cm；2）用超快速星历代替广播星历，则BDS单天解平面和高程精度分别为24.3cm和37.3cm，与广播星历结果相差不大；3）对比BDS和GPS定位结果发现，BDS与GPS定位精度结果基本相当，GPS/BDS组合可显著提升定位精度和稳定性。     

地效飞行器重量估算方法

根据地效飞行器(WIG)的特点确定了3类地效飞行器的任务剖面,分析其与一般飞行器任务剖面和相关性能的异同点以及重量估算方法的适用度。通过现有地效飞行器数据和资料的整理,研究其起飞重量与空机重量以及其他各项参数的统计关系。比照一般飞行器重量估算的燃油系数法,确定地效飞行器各任务阶段的燃油系数及其相关计算过程中选择参数的修正。通过数据分析计算起飞重量和空机重量估算中的线性回归值,形成适用于各类地效飞行器的重量估算方法及其推荐经验系数。验算结果证明,A类和B类地效飞行器重量估算结果与实际产品基本相符,C类由于缺乏足够的统计数据,因此难以验算,但实际工程设计应用结果与经验类比法得到的重量估算结果基本一致,表明研究结果能够满足总体设计阶段重量估算的任务要求。     

双马赫反射的数值模拟与光学干涉定量测量的比较(M_s=4.62)

本文用欧拉方程计算了楔形角为40°,M_s=4.62双马赫反射的流场,计算采用了矢通量分裂和 TVD 两种格式,并考虑了γ=1.4和高温平衡气体两种情况。流场的密度场测量采用双曝光全息、M-Z、差分三种干涉技术。壁面密度分布的计算与测量结果比较表明:三种干涉方法测量结果差别不大,都处在γ=1.4和平衡气体的计算结果范围内。     

CNC系统中提高回原位精度的实现

提高回原位精度是计算机数值控制ＣＮＣ系统开发中的关键技术问题之一,本文在指出了以往回原位算法的缺陷并分析了引起数控系统回原位误差因素的基础上,提出了引入回原位国界参数和最终逼近原位方向参数,从而提高数控系统回原位精度的算法,并提出了在闭环或半闭环数控系统中利用检索脉冲输入从而消除原位开关激活边界位置误差的思想,提出了适用于闭环或半闭环数系统的全新的高精度的回原位算法。     

过程质量控制新方法研究

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脉冲爆震发动机管壁废热加温燃油实验

在内径为110mm的大管径脉冲爆震发动机模型上,以煤油为燃料,空气为氧化剂,进行了脉冲爆震发动机不同爆震频率的管壁换热实验.实验结果发现利用管壁废热加温燃油可以提高燃油的温度,改善爆震性能并缩短爆燃到爆震的转捩(DDT)距离,也能够有效地降低发动机的管壁温度.当发动机工作在20Hz时,管壁温度最大可以降低94℃.      

Regioselectivity of the photochemical addition of phosphine to unsaturated hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn.

Phosphine (PH3) has been observed in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. We have studied the regioselectivity in the gaseous phase of the photochemical addition of PH3 to propene 1, propadiene 2, propyne 3, 1,3-butadiene 4 and 1,3-butadiyne 5. The photolysis were performed at 185 and 254 nm. The volatile products formed in these reactions were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR. The n-propylphosphine 6 and the isopropylphosphine 7 were the major products observed in the photolysis of PH3 with propene. The allylphosphine 8 was obtained when most of the light was absorbed by propene. This allylphosphine was the main product formed in the photolysis of PH3 in the presence of propadiene; the methylvinylphosphine 10 being not detected in these experiments, the reaction presents a very high regioselectivity. When most of the light was absorbed by propadiene, the propargylphosphine 9 was also observed. The photolysis of PH3 in the presence of propyne led to the E- and Z-1-propenylphosphines 12a,b and small amounts of methylvinylphosphine 10. Even when most of the light was absorbed by propyne, the propargylphosphine 9 was not observed. The Z-1-butene-3-ynylphosphine 13a and a mixture of primary phosphines containing the E-and Z-2-butenylphosphines 14a,b were obtained as major products when 1,3-butadiyne and 1,3-butadiene respectively where photolyzed with PH3. A high regioselectivity was thus observed in the photolysis of PH3 with an alkyne or an allene but alkenes led to mixtures of products.