Induction of hypoxic root metabolism results from physical limitations in O2 bioavailability in microgravity.

Numerous spaceflight experiments have noted changes in the roots that are consistent with hypoxia in the root zone. These observations include general ultrastructure analysis and biochemical measurements to direct measurements of stress specific enzymes. In experiments that have monitored alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the data shows this hypoxically responsive gene is induced and is associated with increased ADH activity in microgravity. These changes in ADH could be induced either by spaceflight hypoxia resulting from inhibition of gravity mediated O2 transport, or by a non-specific stress response due to inhibition of gravisensing. We tested these hypotheses in a series of two experiments. The objective of the first experiment was to determine if physical changes in gravity-mediated O2 transport can be directly measured, while the second series of experiments tested whether disruption of gravisensing can induce a non-specific ADH response. To directly measure O2 bioavailability as a function of gravity, we designed a sensor that mimics metabolic oxygen consumption in the rhizosphere. Because of these criteria, the sensor is sensitive to any changes in root O2 bioavailability that may occur in microgravity. In a KC-135 experiment, the sensor was implanted in a moist granular clay media and exposed to microgravity during parabolic flight. The resulting data indicated that root O2 bioavailability decreased in phase with gravity. In experiments that tested for non-specific induction of ADH, we compared the response of transgenic Arabidopsis plants (ADH promoted GUS marker gene) exposed to clinostat, control, and waterlogged conditions. The plants were grown on agar slats in a growth chamber before being exposed to the experimental treatments. The plants were stained for GUS activity localization, and subjected to biochemical tests for ADH, and GUS enzyme activity. These tests showed that the waterlogging treatment induced significant increases in GUS and ADH enzyme activities, while the control and clinostat treatments showed no response. This work demonstrates: (1) the inhibition of gravity-driven convective transport can reduce the O2 bioavailability to the root tip, and (2) the perturbation of gravisensing by clinostat rotation does not induce a nonspecific stress response involving ADH. Together these experiments support the microgravity convection inhibition model for explaining changes in root metabolism during spaceflight.     

宇航电子设备中壳体的有限元分析

就宇航电子设备中壳体结构的建模进行了研究，采用板壳单元来描述结构，用局部刚化模拟壳体转角和加强处，并对壳体单元自由度和复要边界条件的处理作了大胆有益的探索。     

区间灰系列的熵度量及其应用(英文)

研究了灰信息理论的不确定性度量方法及其在决策中的应用,说明了建立在有限区间灰数序列基础上的灰序列熵与Shannon概率熵是不同的。讨论了灰数的度量公式和性质,包括不变性、应用条件、两个灰数并与交的灰熵等。最后给出一个应用实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

压制性干扰条件下的双基地雷达探测能力研究

从双基地雷达方程出发,提出了双基地雷达探测目标的判定式。在雷达干扰方程的基础上,建立了双基地雷达在自卫式压制性干扰和远距离支援式压制性干扰条件下的干扰方程,并确立了干扰暴露区应满足的条件。根据双基地雷达探测目标判定式和干扰方程,在基于网格剖分算法的基础上,对双基地雷达探测区和干扰暴露区进行了仿真,得出了相应的探测区和暴露区面积。仿真结果表明：基于网格剖分算法的双基地雷达探测能力仿真更贴近实际,有效可行。     

三维物体表面测量光传感技术

建立了小孔成像摄相机模型,提出了将投影仪看作主动相机的隐函数线性模型.采用了四幅相移光栅条纹编解码技术进行数据匹配,提出了基于质量图的枝切截断算法,处理解码过程中由于图像噪声、孔洞、阴影等导致的相位误差.最后,搭建了实验原型系统,选取了实物模型进行测量试验.实验结果表明,该3-D传感系统工作稳定、精度高,在150mm×200mm的测量范围,精度误差约±0.04 mm.     

基于微观特征定量辨识的加速有效性评估方法

开展加速试验已逐渐成为航空高性能结构（如涡轮叶片）性能分析与寿命管理的重要途径,然而对于加速试验结果的合理、有效评估成为了制约加速试验技术发展的难题。本文以现有物理机制方法为基础,通过构建微观结构特征与宏观性能之间的定量关系,提出基于微观特征定量辨识的加速有效性评估方法,对涡轮叶片加速损伤和失效机理进行系统阐释。结果表明：本文提出的评估方法克服了现有物理机制方法的主要缺点,使得评估结果更加准确可靠,对于提高航空高性能结构的性能分析与寿命预测的准确性具有重要的借鉴意义。     

超燃冲压发动机地面试验氢燃烧加热器流场数值模拟

采用Fluent软件模拟超燃冲压发动机直联式地面试验用燃烧型加热器的内部流场,对设计的氢气多孔喷射和氢气单孔喷射方案分别进行了研究.计算结果表明:加热器出口流场均能满足设计总温为1900K,马赫数为1.85的要求,而氢气单孔喷射方案优于氢气多孔喷射方案.计算中也发现了这两种设计方案中存在的不足.      

导热误差对温度测量的影响

为了研究直型传感器的导热误差,设计了可同时测量气流温度、支座上部温度和支座下部温度3个测点的传感器,其中测点1和3可根据研究的需要上下移动,并建立了理论模型,推导了导热误差的计算公式.为了避免辐射误差对导热误差的影响,采取根部加热的办法,研究了马赫数、支座温度、长径比对导热误差的影响,得到了可供参考的数据,并将导热误差的计算公式应用到气流流速较低时(Ma=0.1)高温水冷耙某点的导热误差的计算中,计算结果与测量结果误差小于10%.考虑导热误差对测温的影响时,应综合长径比和支座温度两方面的因素,将长径比是否大于10作为衡量是否考虑导热误差的唯一标准是不全面的.      

弹性机体起落架的动态性能仿真分析

 通过建立弹性机体的等效模型,导出了系统的运动微分方程;并在ADAMS/Aircraft环境中建立了虚拟样机,仿真出具有弹性机体的飞机着陆时的动态响应。仿真结果显示出弹性机体能起到吸收和耗散能量的作用,吸收了缓冲器功量的6.5%,并可以适当减轻着陆时的侧滑过载。对考虑弹性机体起落架系统进行了研究分析,得出机体的低阶弹性模态起到提高飞机起落架缓冲器效率的作用。该设计方法能够减小轮胎和缓冲器的受载,延长起落架寿命。此外,对传统起落架缓冲器设计准则进行了完善。     

轻型自主爬行制孔系统集成控制技术

针对机身筒段大部件的装配需求,设计了由自主多足移动机构与多功能末端执行器两大功能模块组成的轻型自主爬行制孔系统。基于集成控制的总体需求,设计了上下位机分层控制体系。利用Microsoft Visual Studio平台开发了上位机集成控制软件,用以规划整个钻铆系统的加工任务,监测现场加工任务的执行情况。利用德国倍福软PLC技术实现对整个系统终端硬件的实时控制。在明确了集成控制的总体方案后,设计了基于工业网络的硬件组态和基于多软件平台的软件组态。最后,在不同倾斜角度的曲面工装上进行了机器人的行走和钻孔试验。试验结果表明轻型自主爬行制孔系统结构设计合理,集成控制系统性能稳定,能够稳定实现行走和钻孔功能,制孔质量满足要求。