Progress in battery technology since the first CSULB annual batteryconference and prospects for the future

Significant advances in and applications of battery technology are outlined. Factors driving future developments are identified     

关于平面激波在凹两段楔面上的传播

众所周知,当一平面激波同任意形状的障碍物相互作用时,将产生十分复杂的波系,其中激波在曲面壁上的绕射和反射,将产生非定常波系。关于平面激波在凹圆柱壁面上的传播,我们可以用一连串、长度为无限小的楔面所构成的多边形来近似和代替凹圆柱面,因此分析和研究激波在两段楔面上反射和绕射的目的在于得出激波在圆柱壁面以及其它较复杂形状壁面上的传播规律。本文采用马赫-曾德干涉仪在激波管上进行光测模型实验。根据所拍摄的流场干涉图像,以分析其波系的演变过程及传播规律,得到有关流场的密度分布和压力分布,更为重要的是给出流场参数的定量结果。     

Gravity effects on connective tissue biosynthesis by cultured mesenchymal cells.

Quantitative and qualitative aspects of collagen synthesis under microgravity, normal gravity and hypergravity conditions were investigated during the spacelab D-2 mission by incubating human fibroblast cultures with [3H]-proline for 0, 4, 7, 10 and 20 hours. Quantitative analysis revealed an increase of collagen synthesis under microgravity conditions, being 40% higher than 1g controls. Hypergravity samples at 1.44g, 6.6g and 10g showed a decrease in collagen synthesis with increasing g, being down to about 15% at 10g. The relative proportion of collagen from total protein synthesized, the secretion of collagen by the cells, proline hydroxylation of individual collagen alpha-chains and the relative proportions of collagens I, III and V synthesized were not affected at any of the applied conditions.     

Resources of free space vs. flags and footprints on Mars

Human space exploration since Apollo appears to lack an overall context. There has been an overall context for the world's space efforts. But it is an unofficial one and it is outmoded, because it was based on a false assumption. This is the space exploration plan articulated by Von Braun in the 1950s and restated as the Integrated Space Program - 1970–1990, whose principal aim is to send humans to explore Mars. The critical underlying assumption of this plan was that Mars is a planet much like Earth, with an active biosphere. This Program has persisted nearly two decades after this underlying assumption has been shown to be false. There is a competing context re-emerging for human space exploration and development which is better fitted to the needs of human society in the post-Cold War era than the Mars program embraced by NASA and, to a large extent, the USSR during the period of US-Russian competition. The original space program uses the resources of free space and provides an economic rationale for human space activity.     

BIOS-4 as an embodiment of CELSS development conception.

Any attempt to create LSS for practical applications must take into account the possibility of castastrophic consequences if the problem of LSS reliability and stability is not solved. An integrated conception of CELSS studies development as a possible way to increase its reliability is considered. The BIOS-4 facility project is developed in the context of the conception. Three principles of highly effective experimental CELSS facility design are proposed. Some details of BIOS-4 design and its exploitation features are presented.     

Giotto/Cometary dust interaction event near the comet Halley ionopause

Plasma and magnetic field disturbances accompanying dust particle impacts are explained by means of creation of a secondary cloud around the spacecraft. Cold cometary ions impinging upon the cloud are scattered by atoms of the cloud. This scattering changes initial angular distribution of cometary ions. Magnetic field perturbation is created by the friction between the electron component of the cometary plasma flow and the cloud.     

高精度伺服系统基于Fuzzy决策的专家变模态控制

本文简要回顾了具有双积分模型的电流驱动直流机电伺服系统的传统设计方法，设计了基于Ｆｕｚｚｙ决策的专家变模态控制器。该控制器积累了伺服系统设计的一些经验，具有一定的“社会智能”，可以在系统运行的不同阶段自发地选用合适的控制律，组合简单的控制方法实现高品质控制。体现了将控制任务分解成子任务分阶段完成的思想。实例仿真及实验结果说明了该方法的有效性     

DNA damage and repair in oncogenic transformation by heavy ion radiation.

Energetic heavy ions are present in galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. One of the most important late effects in risk assessment is carcinogenesis. We have studied the carcinogenic effects of heavy ions at the cellular and molecular levels and have obtained quantitative data on dose-response curves and on the repair of oncogenic lesions for heavy particles with various charges and energies. Studies with repair inhibitors and restriction endonucleases indicated that for oncogenic transformation DNA is the primary target. Results from heavy ion experiments showed that the cross section increased with LET and reached a maximum value of about 0.02 micrometer2 at about 500 keV/micrometer. This limited size of cross section suggests that only a fraction of cellular genomic DNA is important in radiogenic transformation. Free radical scavengers, such as DMSO, do not give any effect on induction of oncogenic transformation by 600 MeV/u iron particles, suggesting most oncogenic damage induced by high-LET heavy ions is through direct action. Repair studies with stationary phase cells showed that the amount of reparable oncogenic lesions decreased with an increase of LET and that heavy ions with LET greater than 200 keV/micrometer produced only irreparable oncogenic damage. An enhancement effect for oncogenic transformation was observed in cells irradiated by low-dose-rate argon ions (400 MeV/u; 120 keV/micrometer). Chromosomal aberrations, such as translocation and deletion, but not sister chromatid exchange, are essential for heavy-ion-induced oncogenic transformation. The basic mechanism(s) of misrepair of DNA damage, which form oncogenic lesions, is unknown.