基于权重的层次矢量量化体压缩算法及其在空间环境中的应用

空间环境数据可视化是空间环境预报和服务的重要手段.目前基于矢量量化的压缩体绘制算法均只考虑了数据特点和压缩效果,并未结合具体应用需求.为适应空间环境体数据可视化具体应用需求,提出了一种应用驱动的压缩体绘制算法—-基于权重的层次矢量量化算法(WHVQ).算法将体数据划分为43的数据块,并为数据块设置权重,重点关注区域的数...     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

锯齿单元对起落架/舱体耦合噪声抑制试验

当前中国民用飞机高速发展，噪声排放问题受到广泛关注。在飞机起降阶段，飞行高度较低且处于机场附近，其噪声直接影响到机场地面周围环境。该阶段内起落架噪声占比较大，成为研究的重点。此外，起落架在收放过程中，除自身脱落涡产生的噪声外，当起落架舱门开启时，舱体空腔内产生自持性振荡噪声，与起落架噪声一起形成更为复杂的起落架+舱体耦合噪声，直接影响到整个着陆系统噪声水平，因此研究起落架与舱体耦合噪声产生机理和抑制措施显得尤为必要。以简化的起落架及其舱体为研究对象，提出一种低马赫数（0.2Ma/0.25Ma）条件下，利用前缘锯齿扰流单元对起落架/舱体耦合噪声进行抑制的方法，并在0.55 m×0.4 m航空声学风洞进行试验验证。首先，从起落架及其舱体耦合噪声产生原因进行分析，分别明确起落架和舱体在耦合噪声各个频段的贡献作用。随后，在舱体空腔前缘安装锯齿扰流单元，以改变自由来流状态，验证降噪措施；同时采用参数化研究方法，研究锯齿扰流单元不同偏角对降噪效果的影响。最后，将起落架模型安装于舱体空腔内，分析锯齿扰流单元对耦合噪声的抑制能力。研究结果表明，锯齿形扰流单元对舱体腔体噪声与起落架/舱体耦合噪声具有明显降低作用，在本试验条件下，30°安装角最佳。预期成果可以应用于起落架/舱体耦合降噪。     

激光雷达对沉潜油探测的探索*

目前,人们对于海洋沉潜油的规律研究及控制水平较低,特别是探测30m深度以内的浅海地区的沉潜油分布信息,其主要原因是缺乏快速有效的探测手段。北京遥测技术研究所开发水下探测激光雷达样机,利用激光在海水中良好的透过特性,用于对水下沉潜油的探测以及对海底等目标的高精度探测。样机完成在水池中进行水下沉潜油的模拟探测试验,对沉潜油样本的典型激光回波信号进行采集分析,并测量模拟探测深度。试验结果基本符合设计预期,为进一步提升激光雷达沉潜油探测能力打下良好基础。     

在轨服务中空间系绳的应用及发展

针对空间系绳在空间在轨服务中的应用与发展问题，在简述空间系绳传统应用及试验情况的基础上，综述了空间绳系机器人、空间绳网机器人两类新在轨应用方式的研究和发展，主要包括动力学建模、结构设计、相对状态测量、逼近/抓捕控制、拖曳变轨等。最后进一步讨论了空间系绳未来的研究方向。     

定时定点月面着陆全程轨道控制设计

针对定时定点月面着陆的目标要求，提出了全程轨道控制设计方法。进行了包括地月转移、近月制动、环月降轨和动力下降的全程轨道控制的分段设计和联合规划，实现在入轨轨道偏差条件下的定时定点月面着陆。分别构建了中途修正、近月制动、环月降轨三段轨道控制的规划变量和目标参数；根据轨道倾角建立了动力下降点与着陆点的匹配转换关系。设计了中途修正、近月制动、环月降轨、动力下降的全程轨道控制策略的联合规划。建立了着陆位置偏差与轨道倾角偏差、着陆时间偏差与轨道半长轴偏差的修正关系，修正设计了中途修正目标倾角和近月制动目标半长轴。仿真算例表明，在入轨偏差轨道条件下，保证了中途修正后的飞行轨道与标称轨道基本一致，实现了与标称状态基本一致的定时定点月面着陆。可应用于月球着陆、月球采样返回以及载人登月等实施月面定时定点着陆任务的轨道设计和控制实施。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

空间伸展臂热应变与热变形光纤监测技术

针对空间伸展臂在热载荷作用下承载特性与形态变化的监测需求,提出了一种基于分布式光纤传感器的伸展臂结构温度、热应变以及热变形集成监测技术。借助ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件,构建了单端热载荷作用下铝合金空间伸展臂结构热-力模型,分别得到不同局部热载荷下伸展臂轴向温度、热应变以及热变形分布与变化规律。在此基础上,提出了基于有限元分析与热传导理论的两类伸展臂轴向热变形计算方法。构建了分布式光纤传感监测系统,实时监测伸展臂若干关键位置的温度值与应变值,进而反演出结构轴向温度场、应变场连续变化信息。研究表明:采用有限元拟合法与热传导解析法计算所得伸展臂轴向热变形误差分别为5.256%与3.556%。相关成果能够为未来航天器在轨服役状态监测与辨识提供技术支撑。     

军事飞行人才早期培养探讨与教育训练体系设计

军事飞行人才早期培养是项复杂的系统工程,需要赢得个人、家庭和社会的参与和支持.论文在全面分析国内外飞行人才早期培养现状的基础上,探讨了军事飞行人才早期培养当前面临的主要挑战,并针对军队开办青少年航校有待体系化设计教育训练体系的需求,初步构建了飞行人才早期培养的认知元素,组合设计了航空精神培育、航空知识传递、航空体能训练、航空心理训练、航空技能训练五个模块训练内容,并提出了与国民教育有效对接的建议.论文的研究工作,期望引起航空界更多专家学者的关注和参与,助力飞行人才早期培养的效益提升和社会氛围营造.