动态三角翼的非定常气动特性和压力分布相关研究

文章介绍了不同后掠角三角翼在进行俯仰振荡时的动态压力特性,说明这种动态压力特性同三角翼的法向力的变化是密切相关的,试验研究揭示了流态、压力和气动力之间的密切关系。同时试验研究显示三角翼上翼面压力的动态变化曲线呈现出双峰形态;不同后掠角三角翼在动态试验过程中压力、法向力都具有相似特性。     

8mm辐射计特性参数测试及定标

文中简介了小口径天线毫米波辐射计定标系统的设计原理、结构、输出亮温的计算模型 ,研究了从液氮温度到室温范围内进行多点定标的方法 ,并对 8mm辐射计进行了特性参数测试及定标实验 ,得出了微波辐射计的定标方程和灵敏度、线性度、稳定度以及积分时间等指标。在该系统上按给定的程序进行定标 ,精度为 1 .0 6K。     

近期商用单级入轨飞行器的可行性

讨论了单级入轨火箭推进飞行器,尤其是使用航天飞机外置贮箱和六个航天飞机主发动机的一次性使用飞行器的可靠性和发射费用。减小发动机质量将是方案改进的主要方面。如果低成本、小质量的主发动机研制成功,那么一次性使用 SSTO(单级入轨)飞行器将拥有商用发射前景,而且有利于可重复使用 SSTO 飞行器的研制。     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.     

捷联导引头制导系统导引律及自适应滤波方案设计

本文推导了捷联导引头制导系统五维动态方程和二维测量方程。在设计导引律时，采用了“瞬态导引法”。同时，提出了有限记忆自适应卡尔曼滤波的算法，并将该算法用于制导系统的滤波方案设计。通过蒙特卡罗实验，验证了本文所提出的制导方案是可行的     

固体推进剂点火的表面沉积模型

本文根据固体推进剂采用含有凝结物质的流动热气体进行点火的特点,提出了一个点火过程的机理,即认为在点燃之前凝结物质的热粒子首先沉积在推进剂的表面上形成一层沉积层,并根据传热理论建立了固体推进剂采用含有凝结物质的流动热气体点火的模型,求得了固体推进剂内部的温度分布和表面温度随时间的变化,以及计算点火延迟时间的解析解,再根据对流换热系数与压力的关系计算出点火延迟时间与压力的关系,将理论计算的点火延迟时间和压力的关系与实验结果比较表明理论模型是合理的。为了验证本文所提出的点火过程的沉积机理,设计了一个实验,实验结果表明在点燃之前推进剂表面确实存在一个沉积层,因而合理的理论模型应该包括这个沉积过程。     

LE-7A发动机喷管问题

在LE-7A发动机的研制过程中,喷管延伸段面临两个主要的问题.即在启动和关机过程中产生大边缘载荷以及再生冷却管路的破坏.研究结果表明,两种大边缘载荷的起因不同,一种是在启动和关机过程中,由于自由激波分离(FSS)和约束激波分离(RSS)的交变引起的.其中约束激波分离也是造成某些再生冷却管路破坏的原因.另一种大边缘载荷是起源于分离点的滞止和突然运动("跳跃")现象.本文集中讨论了两种大边缘载荷引起的LE-7A发动机的分离现象以及在启动、关机过程中喷管延伸段的某些再生冷却管路的破坏的现象.     

Engineering concepts for inflatable Mars surface greenhouses.

A major challenge of designing a bioregenerative life support system for Mars is the reduction of the mass, volume, power, thermal and crew-time requirements. Structural mass of the greenhouse could be saved by operating the greenhouse at low atmospheric pressure. This paper investigates the feasibility of this concept. The method of equivalent system mass is used to compare greenhouses operated at high atmospheric pressure to greenhouses operated at low pressure for three different lighting methods: natural, artificial and hybrid lighting.     

Continuous tracking of cmes using MICA, andLASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs

In this work we have tracked coronal mass ejections observed with the ground based Mirror Coronagraph for Argentina (MICA) and the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 and C3 on board of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The MICA telescope is located at El Leoncito (31.8 S, 69.3 W), San Juan (Argentina), since 1997 as part of a bilateral scientific project between Germany and Argentina. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. Together these instruments are able to observe the solar corona ranging from 1.05 to 32 solar radii. MICA images the Fe XIV emission line corona and LASCO coronagraphs observe the Thomson scattered white light corona. We have selected events for which there are observations from the three coronagraphs. Using the composite data we were able to obtain height-time diagrams for the corresponding dynamical coronal features traveling outwards in order to determine some of their kinematical properties, i.e., plane of sky velocity and acceleration.     

Automorphogenesis and gravitropism of plant seedlings grown under microgravity conditions.

Plant seedlings exhibit automorphogenesis on clinostats. The occurrence of automorphogenesis was confirmed under microgravity in Space Shuttle STS-95 flight. Rice coleoptiles showed an inclination toward the caryopsis in the basal region and a spontaneous curvature in the same adaxial direction in the elongating region both on a three-dimensional (3-D) clinostat and in space. Both rice roots and Arabidopsis hypocotyls also showed a similar morphology in space and on the 3-D clinostat. In rice coleoptiles, the mechanisms inducing such an automorphic curvature were studied. The faster-expanding convex side of rice coleoptiles showed a higher extensibility of the cell wall than the opposite side. Also, in the convex side, the cell wall thickness was smaller, the turnover of the matrix polysaccharides was more active, and the microtubules oriented more transversely than the concave side, and these differences appear to be causes of the curvature. When rice coleoptiles grown on the 3-D clinostat were placed horizontally, the gravitropic curvature was delayed as compared with control coleoptiles. In clinostatted coleoptiles, the corresponding suppression of the amyloplast development was also observed. Similar results were obtained in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Thus, the induction of automorphogenesis and a concomitant decrease in graviresponsiveness occurred in plant shoots grown under microgravity conditions.