A Simulation of the Mid-and Low-latitude Ionospheric Electric Fields

A theoretical model of ionospheric electric fields at mid- and low-latitudes is developed. In the geomagnetic dipolar coordinate system, the ionospheric dynamo equations were solved, and the ionospheric electric potential and electric field were derived respectively. Major parameters for the model inputs, such as the neutral winds, the densities and temperatures of electron, ions and neutrals, are obtained from empirical models. The global ionospheric electrical potential and field at mid- and low-latitudes derived from our model are largely in agreement with the results presented by other authors and the empirical model. Using our model, it is found that the diurnal component of the HWM93 wind mainly contributed to the formation of the vertical electric field, while the semidiurnal component mainly contributed to the zonal electric field. Finally, by adjustment of the input F region winds and conductivities, most discrepancies between our model and the empirical one can be eliminated, and it is proved that the F region dynamo is the most significant contribution to the electric fields.      

二维翼型大尺寸过冷水滴撞击特性及冰形分析

基于现有大尺寸过冷水滴(supercooled large droplet, SLD)动力学特性,分析水滴变形对阻力的影响.并根据几种典型的反弹/飞溅模型,分析了SLD的阻力变化、反弹、飞溅等对水滴撞击特性的影响,采用软件FENSAP-ICE的飞溅模型和LEWICE 2.0的反弹模型研究了反弹及飞溅现象对冰形的影响.计算结果显示:水滴撞击前的破碎现象对水滴尺寸分布有较大的影响,进行撞击特性以及冰形计算的时候需进行考虑;SLD破碎、飞溅、反弹降低了局部水收集系数、减小了水滴撞击范围;飞溅现象主要发生在机翼前缘附近区域,反弹主要在撞击边缘区域;水滴直径增加,飞溅现象逐渐减弱,但边缘位置的反弹现象一直很明显.SLD变形带来的阻力影响对冰形及结冰区域影响很小;与未考虑飞溅及反弹现象得到的冰形比较,考虑飞溅及反弹得到冰形前缘区域形状变化不大,但是整体结冰区域减小.      

强γ射线参考辐射场散射影响研究

采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP对强γ射线参考辐射场的散射特性进行了模拟,确立了辐射场实验空间内的剂量率和能谱分布。通过多种角度对屏蔽墙散射和在束散射体散射进行了细致的分析,为校准实验室钴源辐射场的实验应用和屏蔽设计提供参考。     

一种低成本抗干扰速率计的设计

为降低某车载导航系统速率计的外购成本,设计了一种低成本速率计。该速率计采用高精度光电编码器,基于差分思想设计了具有较高抗干扰能力的鉴相电路,并设计了相应的机械结构部件,从总体上降低了成本。该速率计通过了环境试验考核,匹配车载导航系统进行了跑车试验验证,试验数据表明该速率计满足某项目车载导航系统的要求。     

基于形态分量分析与阶次跟踪的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法

针对变转速下齿轮箱复合故障的故障特征提取,提出了基于形态分量分析与阶次跟踪的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法.该方法根据齿轮箱复合故障振动信号中齿轮和滚动轴承故障成分的形态差异性,先用形态分量分析将其分解为包含齿轮局部故障信息的谐振分量、包含滚动轴承局部故障信息的冲击分量和随机噪声分量,再根据实测转速信号分别对谐振分量和冲击分量进行包络阶次分析,根据各包络阶次谱诊断齿轮箱复合故障.算法仿真和应用实例表明:该方法能有效分离变转速下齿轮和滚动轴承的故障特征,且其故障特征提取效果要优于传统的包络阶次谱方法.      

底排装置尾部化学非平衡流的数值模拟

为了研究二次燃烧对底排增压减阻的影响,采用8组分12步反应的H2-CO燃烧模型作为二次燃烧模型,运用统一算法的思路编程求解二维轴对称多组分N-S方程,对底排装置尾部化学非平衡流进行数值模拟。底排装置的底压随排气参数变化的模拟结果和现有实验数据比较吻合。数值模拟结果表明:底排装置底部压力随着排气参数I的增加先迅速增大,当I达到0.007时,底压增长速度逐渐变慢,在I=0.01~0.015的范围内底压基本不变,此时底排增压减阻的效果最好。当排气温度Tj≤1025K时,底排装置尾部没有发生二次燃烧,底排减阻率相对较小。当1025KTj≤1100K时,底排装置尾部发生二次燃烧,且随着Tj的增加,燃烧逐渐由不充分变为充分,二次燃烧使底排装置尾部的高温区域大幅增加,且底排减阻率由13.7%速增到57.5%。当Tj1100K时,二次燃烧充分。底排装置的排气温度应大于1100K。     

A Model to Predict Stall Inception of Transonic Axial Flow Fan/Compressors

A stall inception model for transonic fan/compressors is presented in this paper. It can be shown that under some assumptions the solution of unsteady flow field consists of pressure wave which propagates upstream or downstream, vortex wave and entropy wave convected with the mean flow speed. By further using the mode-matching technique and applying the conservation law and conditions reflecting the loss characteristics of a compressor in the inlet and outlet of the rotor or stator blade rows, a group of homogeneous equations can be obtained from which the stability equation can be derived. Based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatments, the function of casing treatments has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which has been included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Besides, the effect of shock waves in cascade channel on the stability prediction is also considered in the stall inception model. Finally, some numerical analysis and experimental investigation are also conducted with emphasis on the mutual comparison.     

多星近距离绕飞观测任务姿轨耦合控制研究

针对多星近距离绕飞观测任务,建立了相对姿态轨道动力学模型,分别考虑了在椭圆、空间圆绕飞轨道上观测卫星的两种期望三角形编队构型,以观测卫星视线始终指向目标为期望姿态,采用基于四元数和角速度误差反馈的比例 微分控制律以及一种改进的基于人工势场法的制导方法相结合,对相对姿态及轨道进行控制。仿真结果表明：在控制律的作用下,绕飞过程中各观测卫星均能够有效地跟踪期望相对姿态和期望相对轨道;在空间圆绕飞轨道构型中,各观测卫星从初始同一位置出发后,在任意时刻3颗观测卫星构成的编队构型始终为正三角形,且正三角形的边长从零逐渐增大,最终等于期望正三角形构型的边长。     

基于GA-SVM的GNSS-IR土壤湿度反演方法

针对提高大范围土壤湿度测量精度的问题,研究了土壤湿度的全球卫星导航系统干涉测量法（GNSS-IR）,提出了一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的土壤湿度反演模型,利用遗传算法（GA）的自动寻优功能寻找SVM的最佳参数。结果表明,GA-SVM模型在测试集上得到的土壤湿度反演值与实测值的平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）仅为0.69%,最大相对误差（MRE）为1.22%,线性回归方程决定系数达到了0.956 9。进一步与统计回归、粒子群优化的SVM模型（PSO-SVM）及反向传播（BP）神经网络方法进行对比,结果说明:在样本数目有限的情况下,GA-SVM方法更适用于土壤湿度的GNSS-IR技术反演,且反演精度较高,泛化性能良好。      

类X-51A飞行器非定常湍流精细模拟

针对类X-51A飞行器在超声速大迎角状态下存在的大范围非定常分离流动,开展了精细化湍流数值模拟研究。计算基于高阶格式下的延迟分离涡模拟方法（DDES）,来流马赫数为2.5,迎角为10°。分析了该复杂流场中存在的分离流动现象、分离流动诱导的气动特性变化规律以及压力脉动特点;其中重点研究了壁面压力脉动强度分布情况和监测点压力脉动频谱特性。分析结果表明:飞行器大迎角飞行时从侧缘诱导出明显的分离涡,并对尾部舵面产生干扰;受干扰尾舵表现出明显的非线性及非定常气动特性;分离涡的存在导致飞行器尾舵前缘等位置的壁面压力脉动显著增强,200~300 Hz的低频高幅值脉动可能会导致结构破坏。