红外热像仪作用距离现场检测装置的研究

针对目前红外热像仪现场性能检测手段的不足,设计一套便携式红外热像仪最小可分辨温差(MRTD)检测装置,首先现场测量出红外热像仪的MRTD,再由大气透过率模型计算得到目标的表观温差,最后通过Johnson准则分析计算得到红外热像仪探测或识别目标的能力.试验结果表明该方法准确可行,可用于各类红外热像仪作用距离的检测.     

用模型喷管模拟研究发动机组外向辐射传热

根据热辐射理论，分析空间发动机外向辐射会传热的基本特点，得出在地面用模型喷管－电热喷管缩比件模拟这一传热现象的必要条件为两者几何相似，壁面热流密度q以及表面黑度ε相等。可行性分析为地面模拟试验提供了科学的依据，其结论可用来指导试验。     

2219合金TIG补焊接头亮线影像成因及其力学性能

针对2219合金TIG补焊接头X射线底片亮线影像,开展2219合金不同坡口面角TIG补焊接头组织及性能研究。通过X射线、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析接头底片亮线影像位置对应的微观形貌及成分,并通过拉伸试验评价补焊接头力学性能。结果显示:在0～20°随坡口面角α值的增大,X射线底片上亮线影像的黑度逐渐降低;Cu含量较高的α(Al)+θ非平衡共晶组织对X射线的散射与吸收作用较强,是X射线底片亮线影像的成因;坡口面角α角侧受电磁搅拌作用弱于β角侧,其固-液界面前沿的边界层宽度大于β角侧,且温度梯度及边界层内的成分过冷度均大于β角侧,促进了α角侧枝晶的生长。当β角为20°时,在0°～20°随着α角度值增大,接头的抗拉强度与延伸率逐渐增大,20°时获得了优良的室温力学性能。X射线底片上存在亮线影像的补焊接头力学性能满足型号使用要求,亮线影像结构可不按焊接缺陷处理。     

对流层大气折射误差的微波辐射计修正

目前,雷达的目标跟踪定位、卫星的测控定轨等对大气折射误差高精度修正的要求越来越高。针对传统大气折射误差修正方法的成本高、实时性差等问题,研究利用对水汽和液态水含量敏感的双通道微波辐射计测得的辐射亮温来反演大气折射率的方法。对微波辐射计的反演结果和探空数据的结果进行比较,计算不同海拔高度上反演的平均偏差和均方差,发现利用微波辐射计反演得到的折射率剖面与探空值吻合较好,验证了此方法的可行性。同时介绍了微波辐射计新的定标方法和微波辐射计对于水平不均匀大气的折射误差修正方法。     

航天器总装工艺组册规划与实施

近几年来我国航天器的研制任务迅速增长,传统的单型号研制模式正逐渐地被小批量与研制相结合的混线制造模式所取代。总装工艺组册规划作为一种与航天器小批量总装相适应的生产组织方式,在总装中取得了良好的应用效果。文章总结了总装工艺组册规划及实施的若干经验,同时提出了继续深入应用的思路。     

Is there an abnormal enhancement of atmospheric aerosol before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake?

There are extensive reports of ionospheric disturbances before the great 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which are possibly explained by seismogenic electric field hypotheses linked with the aerosols injected in atmosphere. This paper attempts to investigate the possible change of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) associated with this earthquake by using MODIS data from both Terra and Aqua satellites. The result shows a clear enhancement of AOD along the Longmenshan faults 7 days before the quake, which is 1 day and 4 days earlier than the reported negative and positive ionospheric disturbances, respectively, and is 1 day earlier than or quasi-synchronism with other reported atmospheric anomalies including air temperature, outgoing longwave radiation and relative humidity. Particularly, the spatial distribution of AOD enhancement is very local and it is correlated well with the active faults and surface ruptures. We suggest that this unique enhancement could be associated with the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere coupling process during the preparation of the Wenchuan earthquake.     

An optimization iterative algorithm based on nonnegative constraint with application to Allan variance analysis technique

It is well known that inertial integrated navigation systems can provide accurate navigation information. In these systems, inertial sensor random error often becomes the limiting factor to get a better performance. So it is imperative to have accurate characterization of the random error. Allan variance analysis technique has a good performance in analyzing inertial sensor random error, and it is always used to characterize various types of the random error terms. This paper proposes a new method named optimization iterative algorithm based on nonnegative constraint applied to Allan variance analysis technique to estimate parameters of the random error terms. The parameter estimates by this method are nonnegative and optimal, and the estimation process does not have matrix nearly singular issues. Testing with simulation data and the experimental data of a fiber optical gyro, the parameters estimated by the presented method are compared against other excellent methods with good agreement; moreover, the objective function has the minimum value.     

基于STFT的Wigner—Ville分布交叉项抑制

对于多分量信号,Wigner—Ville分布（WVD）的时频能量集中但存在交叉项,而由短时傅里叶变换（STFT）模的平方得到的谱图无交叉项但时频聚集性较差。基于STFT谱图与WVD的联合算法,可以有效地抑制WVD中的交叉项干扰,同时保持了WVD的较高时频聚集性,是一种行之有效的WVD改进算法。