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Dassault Systèmes 《航空制造技术》2012,(19)
Dassault Systèmes作为一家3D体验公司以及在3D设计软件、3D数字化装配和产品生命周期管理(PLM)解决方案领域的全球领导厂商,近期推出了SolidWorks(@)2013,该产品包含新增的和经改进的设计工具,以增强协作、加快模型型创建并简化产品开发流程. 相似文献
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H. Balsiger K. Altwegg P. Bochsler P. Eberhardt J. Fischer S. Graf A. Jäckel E. Kopp U. Langer M. Mildner J. Müller T. Riesen M. Rubin S. Scherer P. Wurz S. Wüthrich E. Arijs S. Delanoye J. De Keyser E. Neefs D. Nevejans H. Rème C. Aoustin C. Mazelle J.-L. Médale J. A. Sauvaud J.-J. Berthelier J.-L. Bertaux L. Duvet J.-M. Illiano S. A. Fuselier A. G. Ghielmetti T. Magoncelli E. G. Shelley A. Korth K. Heerlein H. Lauche S. Livi A. Loose U. Mall B. Wilken F. Gliem B. Fiethe T. I. Gombosi B. Block G. R. Carignan L. A. Fisk J. H. Waite D. T. Young H. Wollnik 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):745-801
The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s
main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is
a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula.
To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented
capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N2 and 13C from 12CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature.
ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor.
To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture
allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis
of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns
in our electron bombardment ion sources. 相似文献
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J. G. Trotignon J. L. Michau D. Lagoutte M. Chabassière G. Chalumeau F. Colin P. M. E. Décréau J. Geiswiller P. Gille R. Grard T. Hachemi M. Hamelin A. Eriksson H. Laakso J. P. Lebreton C. Mazelle O. Randriamboarison W. Schmidt A. Smit U. Telljohann P. Zamora 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):713-728
The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron
density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore,
MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma
waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for
signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted
on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can
be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature
of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed. 相似文献
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Thérèse Encrenaz 《Space Science Reviews》1984,38(1-2):35-87
Our knowledge of the primordial matter from the objects of the outer solar system has made a considerable progress over the past years, in spite of the lack of any in situ measurements of these objects at the present time. The recent progress of ground-based instrumentation and the launch of the two Voyager fly-by missions have provided a huge amount of new informations about the origin and the evolution of the primitive Solar System objects.The most significant discoveries concerning the atmospheres of the Giant Planets can be summarized as follows: (1) there does not seem to be any differentiation in the internal structure of Jupiter during the planet's history; thus, the H2/He ratio measured on Jupiter seems to be representative of the H/He ratio of the Primordial Nebula; (2) there is some evidence for a helium differentiation, relative to hydrogen, in Saturn's interior; (3) there seems to be a carbon enrichment on both Jupiter and Saturn by a factor about 2; this result is consistent with a model in which the planetary core is formed first, and the atmosphere accreted by this core in a second stage; (4) the D/H ratio measured on Jupiter should be representative of the D/H value in the Primordial Nebula, 4.5 billion years ago; this value is 2 to 5 times larger than the mean value measured in the local interstellar medium now; (5) Titan's atmosphere is dominated by nitrogen and contains traces of organic and prebiotic molecules (HCN, C2N2, HC3N); the chemical composition of Titan's atmosphere could be favorable for the early stages of life development.The small bodies of the Solar System — asteroïds and comets — are still very poorly known. However they contain a key information about the physical and chemical properties of dust in the Primordial Nebula and the interstellar medium. With the launch of expected fly-by missions towards Comet Halley and, possibly, towards asteroïds, we may hope to know a new development of our understanding of these objects, comparable to the progress we have known on the Giant Planets over the past ten years. 相似文献
26.
J.M. Bosqued J.A. Sauvaud H. Rème J. Crasnier Yu.I. Galperin R.A. Kovrazhkin V.A. Gladyshev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(4):149-153
Data from the particle experiment aboard the AUREOL-3 polar satellite show that about 30% of the summer cusp crossings are characterised by a clear latitudinal energy dispersion of the solar wind ions. This energy-latitude correlation is observed at very high latitudes, 80° – 85°, near the polar boundary of the cusp, as an increase of the ion average energy with latitude. These structures have a typical latitude extent of 1° – 2° at ionospheric heights and correspond to a northward-directed IMF. These observations are consistent with a sunward convection of the foot of the magnetic flux tubes recently merged with a northward directed interplanetary magnetic field. 相似文献
27.
W.B. Rossow F. Mosher E. Kinsella A. Arking M. Desbois E. Harrison P. Minnis E. Ruprecht G. Sèze E. Smith 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(6):185
The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) will provide a uniform global climatology of satellite-measured radiances and derive a climatology of cloud radiative properties from these radiances. For this purpose, a pilot study of cloud analysis algorithms was initiated to define a state-of-the-art algorithm for ISCCP. This study compared the results of applying the nine different algorithms to the same satellite radiance data. The comparison allowed for a sharper understanding of the process of detecting clouds and shows that all algorithms can be improved by better information about clear sky radiance values (essentially equivalent to surface property information) and by better understanding of cloud size distribution variations. The dependence of all methods on cloud size distribution led to selection of an advanced bispectral threshold technique for ISCCP because this method is currently better understood and more developed. Further research on cloud algorithms is clearly suggested by these results. 相似文献
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G. Courtès M. Golay M. Viton W. Bentz J.M. Deharveng M. Laget J. Donas J.P. Sivan B. Milliard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(11):81-88
The use of the 2 000 Å transmission window of the atmosphere permitted to observe for the first time from a balloon gondola the nearest galaxies ; 30 arc/sec. resolution images were obtained for M 31, spiral arms and nucleus, M 33, M 101, with their external spiral structure, M 82 and NGC 3 077. Nearly three hundred more distant galaxies have been detected up to the magnitude V = 13. Several HII regions of the Galaxy have been observed, chiefly NGC 7 000 and the Cyghus Loop. Numerous blue stars of the halo have been identified. 相似文献