固有模态函数（IMF）积检测器——以低信噪比情况下超宽带雷达信号检测为例

首次提出了一种固有模态函数积检测器。首先通过经验模式分解（EMD）把带噪信号分解成有限个固有模态函数（IMF）。检测的基本思路是，对各个IMF分量的绝对值作逐点乘积，用于抑制噪声并凸现信号，最后进行滤波和判决。本文以UWB信号为例，数据源于UWB雷达实验系统。在低信噪比（SNR），UWB脉冲与噪声波形相似，且噪声概率密度函数（PDF）未知情况下，进行实验。结果表明，当峰峰信噪比低于5dB时，该检测器性能优于Teager能量算子（TEO）。     

Deceleration and heating constrained footprint of shuttle vehicles

With increasing frequency in shuttle operation, it is of interest to have more than one or two landing fields within the boundary of the reachable area of the reentry vehicle. This boundary, called the footprint, depends on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and is severely restricted by the deceleration and heating constraints imposed upon the atmospheric reentry trajectory. This paper gives a general assessment of the footprint as a function of various deceleration and heating constraints. The difficulties in the computation of the three-dimensional reentry trajectories with optimal modulation in both the angle-of-attack and the bank angle are alleviated by the following devices: (a) nondimensionalizing of the equations of motion and use of the density as the altitude variable; (b) use of the classical integrals of the motion; (c) transformation of the adjoint variables into physical variables; and (d) spherical rotation of the coordinates.     

Target motion analysis with multiple arrays: performance analysis

The performance analysis of source trajectory estimation using measurements provided by multiple platforms (or arrays) is studied. In numerous practical situations, the maneuvering ability of the receiver (e.g., a ship towing linear arrays) is limited, leading to the assumption that the observer motion is rectilinear and uniform. Even if this hypothesis appears quite restrictive, practical and tactical considerations fully justify its interest. This leads to consider multiple (platform) target motion analysis (denoted MTMA) and to analyze the performance of such trajectory estimation methods     

PR状态方程在超临界喷射模型中的应用

针对超临界流体物性的特殊性,对超临界喷射数值模拟方法进行研究。基于PR状态方程建立了考虑超临界流体特点的超临界喷射数值模型,并采用该模型对超临界C10H22喷射到超临界N2环境中的喷射进行了数值模拟。对比研究了采用PR状态方程的真实气体模型和理想气体模型得出的密度、温度、质量分数分布以及超临界喷射长度和喷射扩张角的变化规律和差异性,并与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种模型在物性预测上的差异会造成以上喷射特性模拟结果的巨大差异,理想气体模型模拟结果与试验数据误差很大,利用真实气体模型能够得到与试验数据较为吻合的结果。基于PR状态方程的超临界喷射数值模型准确可靠,可为碳氢燃料的超临界喷射现象提供参考。     

波音777飞机ACARS系统及马航MH370航班失联事件分析

马来西亚航空公司MH370客机失联事件一度引发媒体与公众的诸多猜测,猜测的焦点之一就是执飞的波音777飞机的飞机通信寻址与报告系统(Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System,简称ACARS)功能是如何被关闭的。从专业角度出发,首先采用Sys ML建模的方式描述了波音777飞机ACARS系统的详细架构和人机接口,并据此深入分析了马航MH370航班失联事件中ACARS被关闭的情景。最后,提出了此次事件暴露出的现代民用飞机设计中存在的问题以及改进方法。     

计算流体动力学在航天飞行器射流逆流中的应用

超声速射流逆流通常用于导弹、航天飞机、卫星和飞船等飞行器运动状态的控制。欠膨胀超声速射流逆流的流场包含有多激波（如弓形激波和马赫盘）、接触间断和剪切层，其结构非常复杂。本文采用激波高分辨率有限差分（ＴＶＤ）格式，对恒定自由流条件，各种不同射流出出口压比的超声速轴对称逆射流进行了数值模拟，且对各种条件下的物理现象给予了分析。计算的马赫盘和弓形激波位置与实验值相吻合，为此类流动问题提供了一种有效的预测     

Telerobotics: problems and research needs

With major emphasis on simulation, a university laboratory telerobotics facility permits problems to be approached by groups of graduate students. Helmet-mounded displays provide realism; the slaving of the display to the human operator's viewpoint gives a sense of `telepresence' that may be useful for prolonged tasks. Using top-down 3-D model control of distant images allows distant images to be reduced to a few parameters to update the model used for display to the human operator in a preview model to circumvent, in part, the communication delay. Also, the model can be used as a format for supervisory control and permit short-term local autonomous operations. Image processing algorithms can be made simpler and faster without trying to construct sensible images from the bottom. Control studies of telerobots lead to preferential manual control modes and, in this university environment, to basic paradigms for human motion and thence, perhaps, to redesign of robotic control, trajectory path planning, and rehabilitation prosthetics. Speculation as to future industrial drives for this telerobotic field suggests efficient roles for government agencies such as NASA     

纳米碳粉掺杂对激光烧蚀GAP的推进性能影响

实验以含能聚合物聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(Glycidyl azide polymer,GAP）作为激光烧蚀微推力器的靶材。通过对不同浓度纳米碳粉掺杂和靶材厚度下激光烧蚀GAP的比冲、冲量耦合系数和能量转化效率测量，结合靶材喷射羽流图像，分析了纳米碳粉掺杂提高激光烧蚀聚合物靶材推进性能的机理，给出纳米碳粉掺杂的适用方式。实验结果表明：透射式下，掺杂纳米碳粉之后，聚合物对激光的吸收大幅增强，但激光烧蚀推进性能不随掺杂浓度增加而显著提升；纳米碳粉吸收激光能量形成温度极高的局部热区促进聚合物中化学能的释放，是推进性能提升的主要原因；掺杂纳米碳粉之后的GAP烧蚀深度降低，表现出面吸收特性；随着靶材厚度的增加，未完全烧蚀的工质质量增加，使得靶材的利用率大大降低，导致聚合物推进性能下降。实验中掺杂3%纳米碳粉、厚度为54 μm的GAP靶材最优能量转化效率超过250%，适合作为透射式激光烧蚀微推力器的靶材。     

150 N气氧/煤油发动机涡流冷却技术试验

为探索百牛量级姿控发动机采用气氧/煤油涡流冷却推力室的可行性,开展了涡流冷却技术的试验验证工作。在理论分析和数值仿真的基础上,完成了150 N气氧/煤油涡流冷却推力室设计。数值仿真结果表明:内旋流区域占燃烧室直径D_c的87.8%,燃烧化学反应发生在39%～81%R_c的环形区域。经热试考核,燃烧室点火可靠,工作稳定,燃烧效率达0.91;形成了有效的气膜冷却,壁面和头部热防护可靠,充分验证了内外双漩涡结构的存在。     

翻转课堂融入线上教学的应用探索——以“Photoshop图像处理”课程为例

在新的教学环境下,开展翻转课堂教学面临着巨大的挑战。结合教学实践,分析实施翻转课堂教学存在的问题,在教学设计、教学形式和教学评价等方面提出相应的对策。大部分学生对翻转课堂内容及形式总体满意,但课程设计方面存在一些不足,需在教学实践中不断完善。